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Australian Institute of Criminology and Criminology Research Council Reports 2010-11
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Australian Government
Australian Institute of Criminology
Australian Institute of Criminology
Criminology Research Council
Annual report
2010-11
www.aic.gov.au
©Australian Institute of Criminology 2011
ISSN 1836 -2281 (Print) 1836 â‘229X (Online)
Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review. as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). no part of this publication may in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanica l, microcopying, pllotocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission. Enquiries should be addressed to the publisher.
Published by the Aus tralian Institute of Criminology GPO Box 2944 Canberra ACT 2601 Tel: (02) 6260 9200 Fax: (02) 6260 9299 Email: frontdesk@aic.gov.au Website: http://www.aic.gov.au
Edited and typeset by the Australian Institute of Criminology
Guide o the reports
The annual reports of the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) and the Criminology Research Council
(CRC) are produced to meet parliamentary reporting requirements and to provide informatio n to stakeholders
and the com mun ity abou t the work of the two organisations.
The Information contained in these reports is provided to inform the Australian Government, Members of
Pa rli ament, state and territory agencies, grants recipients, award winners, consultants, students of crime
and crim inal justice, potential employees and the public.
There are two reports in this volume. They are divided into sections, as follows:
Australian Ins itute of Criminology Year in review
The Chair of the B,oard of Management and the Director of the AIC review the significant issues and
achievements for the year, provide a snapshot of performance and highlight expected developments
â‘ for the com ing year.
Agency overview
This section describes the role and functions of the AIC and shows the organisational structure, with
brief descriptions of each section. It also includes the AIC 's outcome and project objective statement.
Performance review
Performance against the agency's outcome is detailed. Research undertaken during the year is
categorised through the activities of the research teams and covers transnati ona l and organised crime
such as traff icking, economic and high-tech crime, drugs and alcohol, violent crime, propetl:y crime, crime
and the commu nity, criminal justice responses, crime prevention and capacity building.
Communication and information activities to disseminate research and support the AIC's role as a national
knowledge centre on crime and justice are reviewed.
Accountability and management
The external governance arrangements for the AIC are reviewed, including the Board of Management and
legislation. Discussion of internal governance includes staff ing, finance, information and communications
technology (ICT) and office services.
Appendixes
Appendixes list publications, presentations, roundtables, seminars and submissions to inquiries.
M andatory reports on occupational health and safety {OH&S), environmental sustainability, freedom
of Information, expend iture on market research, external scrutiny and the inclusion of mandatory
requirements in this report are also in the appendixes. The financial tables are also In this section.
Enq uiries abou t the AIC annualâ‘ report can be directed to Colin Campbell at the address shown
or to front.desl<@aic.gov .au.
Gu ide to t11e report iii
Criminology Re search C ouncil Year in review
The CRC Chair reviews the performance of the Council for the year and highlights research grant reports
received and new grants allocated.
Agency overview
The operating arrangements for the Council are described, including its outcome statement and funding
criteria and contributions.
Governance
This section outlines the external governance framework for the Council.
Report on petiormance
This report includes information on new, completed and continuing projects and consultancies funded
by the CRC.
Appendixes
Mandatory reports on OH&S , environmental sustainability, freedom of information, expenditure on marl
research, external scrutiny and the inclusion of mandatory requirements in this report are in the
appendixes. The financial tables are also in this section.
Inquiries about the CRC annual report can be directed to Katalina Bradley at the address shown below
or crc@aic.gov.au
Co ntact details The address for the AIC and the CRC is:
GPO Box 294 4
Canberra ACT 260'1
7 4 Leichhardt Street
Griff ith ACT 2603
Phone: +61 2 6260 9200
Ema il: front.desk@aic.gov.au
The A IC website is http:/ /www.aic.gov.au
The CRC website is http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au
The web address for tl"'le annual report is: http://wvvw.aic.gov.au/publications/current % 20series/
annualreport/i 1-20/201 1.aspx
Contents
iii Guide to the reports 73 Appendix 6: Roundtables
iii Australian Institute of C riminology 74 Appendix 7: Media enquiries
iv C riminology Resea rch Co uncil 75 Occupat ional hea lth and safety
iv Con tact details 75 Freedom of inform ation
vii Abbreviations and acronyms 75 Ombudsman
3 The year in review
75 Ecologically-sustainable development
Chairman's overview
75 Appendix 8: Statutory reporting
4
requirements
6 Director's overview
77 Appendix 9: Compliance index
7 Changing nature of the AIC work program
7 Interagency partnerships
81 AIC financial statements
8 Commun ications 111 Criminology Research Counc il
8 D irections in 201 1-12 112 The year in review
114 Agency overview
11 Agency overview
11 6 Enab ling legislation
12 Minister, portfol io and Director 116 The Council
12 The 2010-11 ou tcome and program objective 116 Governance
13 Re levant policy research
11 7 F unding grants
14 Internal structural review
117 _Criminology Research Fund
17 Programs and performance 118 Se lection panel
18 Research Services-outcom es and outputs 119 New projects for 201 Q-11 32 Dissem inating research findings 119 Report on performance
37 News headlines for the AIC 120 Continuing projects for 201 0-11
45 Oe liverables and key periormance indicators 121 Reports of comp leted research
47 Key performance indica tors 123 Notes
49 Management and accountability 123 Appendix 1: CRC members
50 Governance and management accountabili ty 124 Freedom of information
51 Corporate governance
124 Ombudsman
124 Advertising and market research
61 Appendixes
124 Appendix 2: Statutory reporting
62 Appendix 1: AIC publications requirements
65 Appendix 2: Non-AIC publications 125 Appendix 3: Mandatory reporting in tl1is 67 Appendix 3: Staff presentations report
71 Appendix 4: Occasional s _~minars 127 ORC financial statements
.72 Appendix 5: Submissions
147 Index
Contents v
Figures 73 Roundtable/Forum
74 2010 -11 Media statistics
40 Figure 1 : AIC webs ite monthly page views 2010 -11 115 C riminology Research Council procedures flowchart 40 Figure 2: Facts & Rgures Online monthly page
views 2010 -11
118 State and territory contributions, 2010-11
41 Figure 3: Drugs Online monthly page views 118 Key financial items, 20 10-11
2010 -11 123 CRC members at 30 June 201 1
45 Figure 5: Ou treach to the world
H ighlights
Tab les 13 Highlight 1 : Direct work with parliamentary
15 Structure of t he Au strallan Institute of committees
Criminology 14 Highlight 2: Wh o uses our research?
32 Table 1 : Summary of outputs by research team 19 Highlight 3: People trafficking and trafficking in 2010-11 the sex industry
47 The AIC's KPis for 201 Q-11 year were: 20 H ighlight 4: Labour trafficking
54 Table 2: Staffing summary at 30 June 2011 22 Highlight 5: Australasian Consumer Fraud
54 Table 3: Mapping of AIC positions to APS Taskforce surveys
classifications 26 Highlight 6: Twentieth anniversary of monitoring
58 Table 4: New Consu ltancy services 2010-11 deaths in custody
62 Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice 30 Highlight 7: Drug use monitoring in Australia
63 Research and Public Policy series 34 Highlight 8: 2010-11 Co nferences
63 M onitoring reports
36 Highlight 9: Media releases issued 201 0-11
63 Tech nical and Bac l
64 Research in Practice
39 Highlight 11 : In-Focus w ebsite pag e
64 Other AIC publications
41 Highlight 12: Internet and social med ia
64 AIC work for client/partner agencies 56 Australia Day Achievement Aw ard Medallions
72 Submission/hearing 2011
vi Contents
Abbrevia ions and acronym
ABACUS
ANAO
ANZPAA
ACFT
ACVPA
ACC
AIC
AJJA
AMUCTF
CAC Act
CFO
COAG
CRC
CRG
DFAT
DIAC
DUMA
FaHCSIA
FMAAct
GIS
ICT
NDLERF
NHMP
OH&S
RSD
TBP
A ustralian Business Assessm ent of Compu ter User Security
Australian National Audit Office
Australian and N ew Ze aland Police Advisory Agency
Au stralasian Consume r Fraud Taskforce
Australian Crime and Violence Preven tion Awards
Australian Crime Comm ission
Au stralian Instit ute of C riminology
Australian Juvenile Justice Admin istrators
Anti-money laundering/counter-terrorism financing
Comm onw ealth Authoriti es and C om panies A ct 199 7
C hief Financial Officer
C ouncil of Australian Governm ents
C rim inology Research Counc il
C rim inology Resea rch Grants
D epartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade
D epartment of I m m igration and Citizenship
Drug Use M onitori ng in Australia
D epartment of Families, Hou sing, Commun ity Services and Indigenous Affairs
Rnancial Management and Accountabili ty Act 1997
Ge ographic information systems
Information and commun ications techn ology
Na tional Drug Law Enforcement Fun d
N ationa l Homicide M onitoring Program
Occu pational health & safety
remote service delivery
Technical backg round paper
Abbreviations and acronyms vii
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Australian Government
A ustJ"alian Institute of C J"iminology
16 Sepll.:mb r 20 11
The Honourable Brendan 0' onnor Minister [I rHome Affairs Parliam nl I louse anberra 1\ 2600
Dear Minister
Telephon e 02 6260 9200 Facsimile 02 6260 9299 . GPO Box 2944
Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
In accordan with ection 49 of the Criminolog) Research Act 1971 I have th honour to ubmit to " au th annual r p rt for the Australian Institute f riminology and lhe Criminology Re enrch ouncil for the year nding 30 June 2011.
Th is report ha been prepar d pursuant to the Requirement for An nual Rep rts approved by the Joint ommittee of Pub lic Accounts and Aud it.
Yours incer ly
Dr Adam â‘ 1 omison Dir ct r
2 Anmml "epo112010-11
-f.
Chairman's overview
This is the last overview I will be offering as the
independent Chair of the
Board of Management.
a position I have held for
the past 13 years. As the
longest serving Chair, it
is appropriate to take a
broader view of events
than simply accounting for
those that occurred in the
preceding fiscal year. Nonetheless, nothing has been
more significant in the life of the Australian Institute
of Criminology than the abolition, on 30 June 2011 ,
of its Board of Management in a legislative
restructuring of its governance. Happily, the vital
input from state, territory and Commonwealth
stal
under the revised structure through their
representation on the new Criminology Research
Advisory Council. This is explained more fully in
the Director's report which follows.
When in 1965 Sir John Barry, regarded as the father of the Australian Institute of Criminology, put forward the proposition, 'that there should be established in Australia an Institute of Criminal and Penal Science, founded and maintained and administered by the Commonwealth of Australia' and, in 1969, the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth announced that the Commonwealth and the states had agreed to establish an autonomous national Institute of Criminology, it was implicit that the primary focus would be on problems in responding to state-based crimes rather than ones proscribed under federal law.
Then, as now, there were nine criminal justice
systems functioning in this country. None has a
monopoly position in serving the national interest,
but the states and territories account for over
90 percent of the criminal justice business in Australia.
4 AllllllaiiOf)(JJI 20"10-ll
The early training and research priorities of the
AIC were to bring together representatives of these
diverse jurisdictions to acquaint them with the
benefits of undertaking research into their common
problems and in drawing on lessons derived from
the natural experimentation that occurred witl1in
the Australian federation when various jurisdictions
responded in different ways to recurring issues.
To reduce duplication of research effort that might
otherwise be undertaken by these stakeholders,
the AIC established ongoing national monitoring
and research programs to determine trends in crime
areas such as armed robbery, deaths in custody,
drug use, firearms theft, homicide and juveniles
in detention. These programs identified emerging
forms of crime and changes in criminal activities that
have been helpful in predicting demand for law and
justice seNices in Australia at a federal, state and
territory level. The AIC has also assisted the states
and territories through reports on domestic and
family violence, offending and victimisation patterns
in Indigenous and general populations and through
the compilation of an evidence base to inform policy
for more effective criminal justice responses and
crime prevention strategies.
The establishment of the AIC under the Criminology
Research Act 1971 predated the Australia Federal
Police Act 1979 by eight years and that of the office
of the Director of Public Prosecution Act 1983 by
12 years. These later Acts were some of tl1e first
markers of federal recognition of the need for
national law enforcement responses and the
consequential expansion of Commonwealth
involvement in criminal justice.
A main driver was the Costigan Royal Commission
on the Activities of the Federated Ship Painters
and Dockers Union which was established by the
Australian Government in 1980 to investigate tax
evasion and organised crime which flaunted
the jurisdictional barriers of the Australian federal system. The findings of that commission led to the
creation of the National Crime Authority in 1 984 as
a federal crime investigation agency. This was later superseded in 2002 by the establishment of the
Australian Crime Commission as a national criminal
intelligence and investigation agency to combat serious and organised crime such as corruption,
the illicit drug trade, money laundering and terrorism.
In its worl< on emerging forms of organised and
sophisticated cross-border crime in a rapidly
changing digital and globalisecl age, the AIC was already leading with researcl1 and publications on
cyber-crime and other forms of high-tech crime
facilitated by the internet. such as identity fraud,
paedophilic online child grooming and sex tourism,
people smuggling and trafficking in persons. Given
the resources to do so, it will continue to keep an eye on what is coming over the horizon in crime.
Therefore it should be no surprise to find the activities of the AIC shifting more in the direction
of Commonwealth concerns with national and
international conceptions of what constitutes serious
crime. ll is in the national interest for it to assist in
achieving a better understanding of the scope of
transnational crime and its impact on Australia, as
criminals here and around the world exploit tile ease
with which they can transact dishonest business in
the world's markets.
Only a decade or so ago it was not an offence in this country to launcler money within or outside Australia,
or to commit sexual offences abroad, or to engage
in bribery and corruption of foreign officials overseas.
The need for research to underpin policy aimed
at facilitating the cross-jurisdictional pursuit and prosecution of such offenders will remain forever
urgent.
Transnational crimes of special interest for the AIC can be expected to include ones that involve:
" threats to the technological infrastructure of
society, particularly by undermining data security
and integrity in computer networks and
communications systems
" threats to the stability of financial markets and
capital flows through large-scale fraud, money
laundering and tax evasion
" threats to government and political development
tl1rough corruption of public officia ls
" threats to particular populations or minority groups
" threats to immigration policy
" threats to the environment.
If the state and territory members of the Criminology
Research Advisory Council continue to be generous
in their support of the Director and in their
understanding of how the A IC has to adapt its
research priorities to address the national and international concerns of the Commonwealth
in relation to global forms of crime unheard of
in Sir John Barry's time, while still preserving the
cooperative federalism approach on which tile A IC
has been based for tile past 38 years, it and the nation will continue to be well served in the future.
Professor Richard Fox AM
Chair Board of Management Australian Institute of Criminology
The year in rev1ew 5
Director's overview
It is my pleasure to present
the Australian Institute of
Criminology's 2010-11
annual report.
Once again, the AIC has
successfully fulfilled its role
as the national crime and
criminal justice knowledge
centre, informing the work
of governments. law
enforcement and the wider community. A diverse
range of policy-relevant research has been conducted
to improve the understanding of crime, what worl~s
in preventing and reducing crime and to shed light
on the effectiveness of specific criminal justice
system policies and programs.
Despite experiencing the first of two significant
reductions to the AIC's budget appropriation, 2010-11 has been another year when a substantial number of research projects have been undertaken
and successfully completed, and when there has
been a major increase in the number of quality,
peer-reviewed research outputs produced. The
findings from research have been disseminated
widely through a large numb er of presentations
at the AIC and other conferences and forums,
and via the AIC website and other online media.
In 2010-11 , the research undertaken by the AIC
included:
" estimation of the rate of international student
victimisation in Australia, to be published in
August 2011
" completion of performance measurement and
program evaluation studies addressing a range
of law enforcement and criminal justice programs
6 Annual rcpo1l 2010-11
and functions in areas such as illicit drugs,
community safety in Indigenous Australian
communities and specialist court systems
o an ongoing focus on crime prevention research "
including the drafting of a National Crime
Prevention Framework for government
consideration and the development of crime
prevention and program evaluation training to be
delivered to a range of law enforcement, criminal
justice and other stakeholders from 2011 onwards
" the release of important research on labour
trafficking and the publication of various papers
that have explored the nature of human trafficking
in the Asia-Pacific region
" successful completion of the final year of a
tour-year program of research investigating money
laundering and terrorism financing, wrth a number
of publications released over the year and further
publications to be released in late 2011
" the release of findings from a national online
consumer fraud survey and research investigating
computer security incidents experienced by
Australian businesses
the release of the latest reports for most of the
ongoing crime monitoring programs for which
the AIC continues to collect data and report on,
in the year of the 20th ann iversary of the Royal
Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
" the Fraud against the Commonwealth monitoring
report, released publicly for the first time in 201 1
by the Minister for Home Affairs and Justice. At the same time the government also released the
revised Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines
and a Better Practice Guide to help all agencies
respond to risks of fraud.
C hanging nature of the AIC w ork program The reduction in core budget appropriation has
led to some reduction in the AIC 's staffing and the
cessation of some capacities. Specifically, the AIC's
investment in the development of specialist analytical
capabilities (high-order statistical modelling and
forecasting) and the creation of expertise in geospatial
analysis has been curtailed. There has also been
some reduction in staffing (and capacity) in the
communication and information services areas,
although these teams continue to provide excellent
services by embracing innovative service delivery
that has seen an increased output of publications,
events, the dissemination of library and media
activity.
Monitoring programs review
Since 201 0 the AIC has been assessing its crime
monitoring programs to improve their value and
relevance to the sector, and in part, to assess ways
to achieve better products in a more cost-effec tive
way. Th is has resulted in a move to biennial reporting
for some monitoring programs . As funding ceased in
201 Q-11 for the National Firearms Theft monitoring
program, the last report of this series will be released
in late 2011. In addition, the AIC's monitoring of
juveniles In detention, and a cornplementa1y report
on juveniles' contact with the criminal justice system,
will no longer be undertaken as the Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian
Bureau of Statistics are now better placed to
produce these analyses. However, the AIC will
remain active In undertaking primary and secondary
research on juvenile crime and criminal justice
issues. Among other projects, work is planned
to begin in late 2011 to investigate the increased
remand ing of juveniles in detention across the nation.
Interagency partnerships The AIC has a strong history of positive engagemen ts
and partnerships with Commonwealth, state and
territory law enforcement and justice bodies and a
range of university and other research agencies. In
201 Q-11 AIC research staff were active contributors
to government agendas on Indigenous justice, human trafficking, fraud, high-tech crime and
organised crime. The AIC was also Involved in
assisting in the development of a National Youth
Policing Model, endorsed by the Ministerial Council
on Policing and Emergency Management-Police
(MCPEMP) in July 201 0.
In late 201 0-11 the AIC entered into negotiations
w ith the Australian Crime Commission to second
two AIC research staff on a part-time basis for
12 months to the Commission. Tllis secondment will provide valuable research support for the
Comm ission's worl< program, but is part of a broader memorandum of understanding signed
by the agencies that is seen as the next step in facili tating research and analytical work done in
partnership. I look forward to what prom ises to
be an exciting and productive relationship for both agencies. Building on our existing relationship with
the Attorney-General's Department, in 2011-12 I
expect that the AIC will also be positioned to work
more closely with the Australian Government law
enforcement portfolio as a whole, something which
should enhance the AIC's ability to engage in
research with these agenc ies.
The AIC also continues to engage with the academic
sector, regularly liaising and partnering with research
agencies in Australia and overseas. For exam ple,
the A IC has been an active indust1y partner for the
Centre of Excellence in Po licing and Secu rity and
has also joined a university consortium seeking to
establish a proposed Cooperative Research Centre
on Social Inclusion, with the outcome of the bid being determined in late 2011 .
Howe ver, the AIC's expertise is not limited to
research functions alone. Corporate Services
has continued to successfully provide secretariat
services to the Australian Crime and Violence
Prevention Awards, and in July 201 0 began
providing such services for the National Drug Law
En forcemen t Researc l1 Fund. The fund promotes
quality evidence-based practice in drug law
enforcement to prevent and reduce the harmful
effects of licit and illicit drug use in Australian society.
The AIC also continues to host the Indigenous
Justice Clearinghouse and the Crime Stoppers
Australia websites, and in late 201 1 will begin
providing secretariat services for the Australian
and New Zealand Society of Criminology.
The yem In review 7
Performing these functions offsets some of the costs
of the A IC's corporate services wh ile increasing engagement with key groups in the sector and
offering in return a quality service and access to
the A IC's range of expertise.
Finally, the Communications team has successfully
developed a number of conferences and forums,
several of which have been undertaken in partnersl1ip
with government, law enforcement and non "
government agenc ies.
All of these activities have provided positive
engagements with the broader sector, allowing
the A IC to effectively use its expertise and to
disseminate its work as w idely as possible.
Communications A large number of publications were released over
the year and were received positively by the sector
and government, generating wide media interest.
The flagship Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal
Justice and Research in Public Po licy series are both
peer-reviewed, while other publications are not. This
year the number of peer-reviewed papers produced
by the A IC aga in increased, bu ilding on the increased
number of peer-reviewed publications produced in
2009-10. Overall, the AIC produced 34 percent
more publications tl1an expected, many of which
attracted . national and internationa l interest in
academia and w ith other stakeholders, generating
strong med ia coverage.
The A IC held 20 events in 2010-i i, including
the first Internationa l Serious and Organised Crime
Conference (I SOC) in Me lbourne in October 2010,
where the AIC partnered w ith the Victoria Police, the
Australian Crime Comm ission, the Australian Federal
Police and CrimTrac-further strengthening
relationships w ith these agencies. With over 280
registered participants, feedback on !SOC was
overwhelmingly positive and the AIC is currently
planning to run the conference again in m id-2012.
The AIC also partnered with the Victorian Safe
Communit ies Network Inc. (VSCN) and NSW Victims
Support Services (within the NSW Attorney General's
Department) to hold successful conferences in
Melbourne and Sydney. Both conferences were
8 An11ual repo1 I 201 0-11
tailored to engage practiti oners and academics - in
the case of the VSC N on youth, drugs and alcohol
and their contact with the crim inal justice system,
and in the case of the Sydney conference, victims
support services. The Minister for Home Affairs and
Justice was a keynote speaker at each event.
In 2010 the AIC embraced Web 2.0 online
information dissemination and bega n using
Faceboo k, Twitter and developed its own YouTube
site, CriminologyTV. These have been well "
patronised and continue to attract an increasing
audience. Monitoring of usage and comments made
on the AIC's Facebook and Tw itter pages identified
a clear desire from many users to get to know the
AIC better. As a result, in July 2010 the A IC hosted
more than 80 criminology students from across
Australia for a one-day AIC Student Criminology
Forum, wh ich proved to be a valuable way of
connecting the AIC witll the next generation of
researchers, policymakers and law enforcement
personnel. The event was a great success. A
second forum is planned for early July 2011 and
is likely to continue regularly in future years. The
AIC also plans to hold similar forums for government
stakeholders in early 2012 to improve the
understanding of the work of the AIC , expose
policymakers from across government to key
findings and outcomes of the AIC's research
and to enhance existing relationships.
Directions in 2011-12 In 2011-12, the AIC w ill continue to deliver on its
core mandate of delivering and disseminating timely,
policy and practice-relevant research. With a further
decrease in core appropriation occurring from 1 July,
it will be important to ensure tl1at the AIC continues
to be awarded (and delivers successfully) contracted research projects undertaken on behalf of the
Australian Government, law enforcemen t, justice and
other government agenc ies and the wider sector.
The AIC will continue to explore ways of reducing
the costs associated with running its monitoring
programs, while enhanc ing the usefulness of
research products and making better use of these
datasets. As has bee n the case during 2010-11,
next year key stakeholders who contribute to or use
particular monitoring program outputs will be invited
to give lheir views and to consider options for the future directions for these programs. This will help
ensure the AIC's programs are well-structured and
efficient and enable the agency to maintain its core
set of research interests while meeting the needs of
stakeholders.
As noted above, the AIC has an ongoing agenda of
enhancing its relationship with Australian Government
and state and territory agencies and exploring closer
ties with the academic sector. This will continue in
201 1-12, as will an increased focus on conducting research into elements of organised crime, the
further development of research partnerships with
Australian Government law enforcement agencies
and ongoing work to create a crime prevention
technical assistance program.
Governance changes
During 2010-11 the Australian Governmen t tabled
legislative amendments to the Criminology Research Act '1971 to change the AIC, like a number of other agencies, from a Commonw ealth Authorities and
Companies Act 199 7 agency to a Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997 agency.
This change, which came into effect from 1 July
2011 , affects how the AIC reports to government,
but will not affect any of the AIC's current functions,
nor will it affect the AIC's place as a statutory
independenfresearch agency. In essence, the changes will mean 'business as usual' but with
the additional responsibility for the Criminology
Research Council's successful national research grants program which will come to the AIC, as part
of merging AIC and CRC functions.
With these changes the Director of the AIC takes
on full financial management responsibility for the
agency as the Chief Execu tive and the existing AIC
Board of Managemen t will cease to operate.
I wou ld like to thank the Chair of the Board, Professor Richard Fox AM, and all board membe rs
for their leadership, advice and support over the
years, and particularly since I joined the AIC as
Director in 2009. I look forward to working with the members of the new Criminology Research Adv isory
Council, which will provide advice on strategic
research priori ties, communication and dissemination
strategies and will recommend grants to be mad e
under the Criminology Research Grants program.
Dr Adam M Tomison Director Australian Institute of Criminology
Th year in review 9
Th is year marks the fortieth anniversary of the
Australian G overnment's first investment into
criminology research-passing the Criminology Research Act 1971. Tw o years after the Act
w as passed the Australian Institute of Criminology
was established and in operation.
Since then Australia's national know ledge centre on
crime and justice has generated high-level research
in Australian and international criminology, informing
further research and policy making and providing
crucial evidence -based research for policing
agenc ies, the federal and state governments,
practitioners, corrâ‘ec tions services and many other
stal
The A lC produces core research for the Attorney "
General and specific project -based research for
a range of state and federal stakeholders. It also
manages grants programs such as the Criminology
Resea rch Council's G rants program, the National
Drug Law Enforcemen t Fund (NDLERF) and the
Aus tralian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards
(ACVPA).
In 2010 the government determined that the AIC 's
fundamental legislative and accountability structure
was to change and on 17 December 201 0 the
Financial Framework Legislation Amendment Bill
201 0 was passed . The legislated am endmen ts
to the Criminology Resea rch Act merged the AlC
and the Criminology Re sea rch Counc il (CRC) and
transferred them on 1 July 2011 from governance
under the Commonwealth Authorities and
Companies Act 1997 to a single entity regulated
under the Rnancial Management and Accountability
Act 1997. The functions of the CRC were absorbed into the AIC.
These administrative and accoun tability changes
are consistent with governm ent policy for man aging
statutory agencies. The A IC will continue its role as
Australia's knowledge centre for crime and criminal
justice, developing and publishing evidence-based
research to assist governments and policing agencies in policy development and practice. The re will be
no reduction in function due to the transfer to the FMA Act. Th e AIC assumes the responsibility for
til e an nual CRC researcll grants, which will be
determined taking into account the advice of a
new Criminology Research Advisory Council.
12 Annual repotl 2010 11
â‘ As part of the changes , the AJC Board of
Management ceases and the Director assumes
all responsibility 1or the effective management of
the AJC, and the new C riminology Research Advisory
Council will begin operallon. Co mp rised of CRC
representatives from each jurisdiction, the Council
will advise the Director on strategic research
prioritie s, communications and the ongoing
criminology research grants program (to be known
as Criminology Research Grants).
Under these arrangements, the A IC will retain
its capacity to provide lligh-quality independent
research and advice to governments, policing
age ncies and corrections services and the
Criminology Res earch G rants (CRG) program
will continue to roster and support research that is
relevant to current and future public policy issues.
Minister, portfolio and D irector The Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, the Hon. Brendan O'Connor, MP, is responsible for the AIC
and the AIC sits within the A ttomey-Genera l's portfolio.
Dr Adam Tomison has been Director of the AIC
since July 2009 and under the new legislative
arrangements in force from 1 July 20 11, is also
the Ch ief Executive.
The 201 0-11 outcome and program objective The AIC has a single outcome:
An inform ed governm ent and communi ty
through policy-relevant research and the
generation of a crime and justfce evidence
base and national knowledge centre.
The strategy to achieve the outcome is:
The main focus of the Institute is on the conduct
of research that is relevant to crime and justice
policy and practice. As a national knowledge
centre, the Instit ute disseminates both its own
research as '!Veil as other national and international
information relevant to crime and justice.
The outcome is achieved by:
o undertaking impartial and policy-relevant research
" l
publications
o working cooperatively with the Attorney-General's
Department, portfolio agencies, state and territory
criminal justice agenc ies and other stakeholders
" producing and disseminating crime and justice
research and information to policymakers,
practitioners, the academic communi ty and the
general public in Australia and internationally.
The primary objective of the AIC as stated in the
Budget Pap ers 201 0-11 is:
. . . to inform policy and practice that seeks
to reduce crime and promote justic e, through research and the dissemination of information.
Its secondary objective is to ma intain a
compre hensive and focused collection in the
field of criminal justice in Australia and to ensure
that the Institute's researchers and stakeholders
have access to the most up-to-date and relevant
information.
Re levant policy research Research undertaken by the AIC informs policy and
practice in the crime and criminal justice sectors
through:
" monitoring trends in crime and the criminal justice
system
" building knowledge of offending and victimisation
o identifying emerging or changed criminal activity
" building an evidence base for an effective criminal
justice system and crime prevention.
The AIC designs and conducts projects that
investigate or highlight particular criminal justice
issues of national or Australian Government interest.
These can be either primary or secondary research
and can be undertaken as core or contracted
individual consultancies. Topics vary and the AIC 's
emphasis is on providing a policy- relevant evidence
base .
The AIC's research is primarily funded by the
Australian Government but individual projects may
be funded by the Aus tralian Government, state and
territory governmen ts or non -government agencies.
The AIC receives significant in-kind support from
state and territory governments for long-term
mon itoring programs and research projects. This is
often in the form of access to. or provision of, data.
The AIC's research falls under the Australian
Research Council's National Res earch Priorities and
its associated Priori ty Goa ls guidelines, specifically
National Research Priority no. 4-Safeguarding
Australia and particularly Priority Goals no. 1 -Protecting criti cal infrastructure and no.
4-Protecting Australia from terrorism and crime.
H igh light 1: Direct work with parliamentary comm ittees During 2010-11 the AIC was involved in the following work with parliamentary committees:
" The AIC made a submission to the Joint Se lect Comm ittee on Cyber-Safety on the safety of children and young people on the internet. AIC Principal Criminologist, Dr Russell Smith, gave evidence at the committee's pub lic hearing on 24 March 2011.
" Research into alternative remittance systems that allow overseas transfers of money was examined during a hearing of the Lega l and Constitutional Affairs committee examining the Combating the Financing of People Smuggl ing and Other Measures Bill2011.
" The AIC completed a consultancy w ith the Victorian Parliamentary Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee examining alcohol related assaults in the Melbourne CBD.
" The AIC undertook a consultancy with the Victorian Parliamentary Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee to conduct a longitudinal birth cohort study of Victorian youth, examin ing contact with 1he criminal justice system and identifying implications for interventions with high-volume young offenders.
Agency over view 13
Highlight 2: Who uses our research? The AIC's commitment to rigorous evidence-based research means that AIC research findings and recommendations are widely used and cited. This rem ained true in a number of important stakeholder reports during 2010-11.
These included:
" Australian Pa rliament's Joint Select Comm ittee on Cyber-Safety, 2011. High-Wire Act: Cyber-Safety and the Young
" The Attorney-General' s National Human Rights Action Plan Baseline Study Consultation Draft June 2011
" The landmark Doing Time Time for Doing-Indigenous youth in the criminal justice system report of the Australian Parliament's House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs 2011
" The West Australian state corrective services Offender Drug and Alcohol Strategy 2010-14
" SCRGSP (Steering Comm ittee for the Review of Government Service Provision) 2011, Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2011 , Productivity Commission , Canberra
" Report on Government Services [ROGS] : Indigenous compendium I Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision .
So me projects, such as the Anti Money Laundering
and Counter-Terrorism Financing (AMUCTF) and
Trafficl
to Goal no. 2 - Understanding our region and the
world. Other projects fall under National Research
Priority no. 2- Promoting and maintaining good
hea/t/J, with work undertaken under Goal no. 1-A
Ilea/thy start to life and Goal no. 4 -Strengthening Australia's social and economic fabric.
Internal structura l review The D irector conducted an internal structural review
in Septembe r 2010. This identified a requirement
for a Deputy Director (Research) role. With this
new role in mind, the Director implemented a new
organisational structure with Co mmunicat ions
and Information Services- as well as the existing
corporate functions of ICT, Finance, HR , Security &
Facilities , and Secretariat & Gran ts-coming under
the responsibility of the Deputy Director (Corporate).
Research services The AIC conducts timely and policy-relevant
research on crime and justice issues for the
Au stralian Government and other key stakeholders.
Its strategic priorities in research are to:
14 I nnual report 010 -11
" provide information on, and analysis of, the
causes , control and prevention of crime and
on the criminal justice system
" develop innovative products and services in the
field of criminological research and information to
better mee t the needs of clients and stakeholders,
including the provision of consultancy services
" anticipate the needs of major stakeholders by
conducting research into eme rging areas of crime, including maintaining tile ability to respond quickly
to the needs of government.
Du ring 201 0-11 the AIC Researc h Services program
was organised into the following teams:
Crime Reduction and Review - reflects the AIC's
commitment to implemen ting ways of promoting
research, evaluation and knowledge exchange
among crime reduction practitioners and
policymakers in Australia.
Global, Economic and E lectronic Crime - focuses
on providing information on, and analysis of,
the causes, extent, prevention and control of
transnational criminal activity, econom ic crime,
cybercrime and other complex and sophisticated
criminal activity.
Crime and Populations- seeks to identify the nature and extent of particular crimes within specific
sections of the community (such as juveniles cr
Indigenous communities) and the community as a
whole, and to identify the number and characteristics
of people detained in custody and those who die in
custody.
Violent and Serious Crime Monitoring- enhances
and promotes knowledge of Australia's central crime issues including homicide and other violence,
firearms theft and Illicit drug use and crime.
Modelling and Forecasting and Geospatial Analysis-provided higher-order statistical and spatial analysis of crime. These teams were ceased in April 2011 due to budgetary restrictions, with
some functions folded into the other areas of the
Research Se!Vices program.
Research activities
Research activities within the AIC fall into two main
categories:
" national monitoring programs
" crime and justice projects.
National monitoring programs are core research
activit ies of the AIC, involving the ongoing collection
and analysis of specialised crime and criminal justice
data not available elsewhere. Most monitoring
programs release an annua l report an~ l ysing trends and characteristics revealed by the data. These
reports are widely used to informwhole-of " 'government reporting on the crime and justice
- .. ~~
~ /,~
Communications ~
,, _J
sector and to support policy initiatives across
all levels of government. The development and
maintenance of monitoring programs relies on
extensive in-kind assistance and support from
all jurisdictions.
Crime and justice projects are major primary and
secondary research activities which, in 2010-11,
involved among other things:
" research on overseas student victimisation
" resâ‘ earch on violence and child abuse in
Indigenous communities
o further research on trafficking in persons building
on the release of 1he 20 1 0 report into labour
trafficking
o finalising the AIC's review of AMUCTF functions
and regulations in Australia
o the evaluation of specialist courts
o the deve lopment of performance measurement
frameworks for law enforcement agencies and
to inform crime prevention strategies
" drafting of a National Crime Prevention Framework for consideration by the Ministerial Council for
Police and Emergency Management
" research into the involvement of organised crime in firearms, conducted in partnership with the
Australian Federal Police and the Australian
Crime Commission.
Agency overview 15
Corporate s rvices
Th e corporate services line area of the AIC provides substantive functions delivering AIC outcomes, as well as more traditiona l corporate support services as detailed in the following sections.
Communications
The AIC's communications team:
" ensures that new research and information is rovided to AIC stakeholders and
" facilitates com unicatfon, transfer and adoption o'f findings into policy and 'further research.
The AIC publishes high-quality pu lications such as the peer-reviewed Research and Public Policy series, and the Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice series (see Appendix 1) and other materials based on lhe AIC's and other research. The communications team also develops and
manages key channels such as web. social media, events and media enquiries.
Information services
The AIC hosts a substantial collection of criminal justice and related materials. This collection Is avail le online through the website and throug the AIC's JV Barry Ubrary, to inform the development of evidence-based policy and programs. The AIC's JV
Barry library also provides information and research supp ort services to AIC researchers, academics, policymakers, practitioners and the general public. Its linl~s through a range of information service and library networks ensure access for AIC staff and stakeholders to a comp lete repository of specialist criminological resources in the most efficient manner .
Finance and administration
The AIC's financial services include:
" internal and external financial reporting, budg t development and management and pro) ct management and repor1ing
" risk ma nagemen t and audit, including strategic risk identification and remediation. oversight or the outsourced internal aud it activity, support to the Board Audit Committee and compliance with the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines
16 Anmw l rep "II " 010 11
" procuremen t, contracts and legal, including implementation of legislative and compliance frameworks such as the Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines, management of intellectual pro erty, administration or grants, National Privacy Principles and insurance
" a host of general and essential support inc! ding facilities and security, travel, records and information management, responses to parliamentary questions and ministerial correspondence.
Human resource management
Human resource management within the AIC includes strategic planning and managem nt, coor !nation of the outsourced payroll services provider. drafting of Director's Instructions. policies and procedures, implementation of industria l legislative obligations. negotiation of the agency agreement, liaison with the Staff Co nsultative Committee, monitoring of occupation hea lth and safety (OH&S) issues, recruitment, the perfonnance development scheme and general staff support.
Information and communication technology
Th e AIC provides a stable and secure network in accordance with government information security requirements, deve lops interactive datasets for publication and provides web nd communicat ons platforms. In addition to the AIC's website, sup crt and hosting are provided on a fee-for-service basis
to oth r organisations including the CRC, the ACVPA Board an since July 2010, the National Drug Law Enforcemen t Research Fund .
Secretariat and grants
The AIC provides secretariat services to the Board (up until30 June 2010), the CRC (now the Criminology Research Advisory Council), the ACVPA Board, Crime Stoppers Australia and, since July 2010, NDLERF.
The A IC measures its performance against the
outcome and program objectives outlined in
the previous section by the following criteria:
o timely production of high-quality AIC research
'find ings, primarily through publications
.. the extent to which AJC research and other
services are valued by key stakeholders
" the flexibi lity of the A IC to respond to emerging
policy needs
" budget and financial outcomes.
The following section summarises activity and results
from the AIC's research projects and monitoring programs for the year under the key themes:
" transnational and organised crime
o economic and electronic crime
o crime prevention
a crime and the community
e violent crime
o drugs and alcohol
o property cr ime.
Research Services " outcomes and outputs Transnational and organised crime
The best available estimates suggest that the
total annual cost of organised crime in Australia
is between $10 and $15 billion. This form of crime
generally reaches across borders and can include
corruption, trafficking in drugs or people and money
laundering.
2010-11 was the final year of funding for a four-year
program of research investigating money launde ring and terrorism financing, a large number of
publications have been released over the course
of the project, with a series of further publications
to be released in late 201 i
The AIC 's publications and internal briefs on
trafficking in persons are an important contribution
to the evidence base in Australia and the region. This research is we ll used by those tackling this crime in
Australia and has been cited in authoritative international and national reports.
18 Annual report 2010-11
In 2011 the A IC and the Australian Crime
Comm ission (ACC) established a formal partnership
to exchange knowledge and skills as part of the establishment of an applied research partnership
on serious organised crime in Australia. Two A IC
research staff were seconded to the ACC on a
part-time basis under this arrangement.
Trafficking in persons
Trafficking in persons, or people trafficki ng, is an old
crime made new. It usually involves a person being
recruited. transfer red or kept, through some form
of deception, fraud, violence or coercion, so that
they can be exploited. The A IC conducts the only
monitoring of trafficking program for Australia and
the region. Australian and international agencies
rely on this monitoring report for evidence-based
information on the nature of, and trends in, tl1is
complex crime.
AIC research shows that trafficki ng as a crime type
is both under-reported and unrecognised, and that
the Australian commun ity commonly misunderstands
trafficking in persons, confusing it w ith people
smuggling. The latter is generally a crimina l financial contract with a smugg ler who enables someone to
enter a country ill egally, whicll may be a method of traff icking.
To raise awareness of traffick ing as an issue in
Australia. the A IC ran information sessions in
m id-2011 in Perth, Mildura and Kalgoorlie, as well
as eastern seaboard cities. The sessions drew
on AIC research to raise awareness of peop le
traffick ing, the differences between traffick ing in
persons and people smuggl ing and the difference between 'bad work' and criminal exploitation
involving sexual exploitation, forced labour, debt
bondage and slavery. The information sessions
we re we ll attended by a cross-section of commun ity
service providers such as rape crisis, migrant resource and community legal centres, non "
government organisations, academics and
government , and state and territory police.
ln. 2010-11 a number of specific areas of traff icking
were investigated. The A!C produced papers on child trafficking in the Asia-Pacific region and a
paper that explored the characteristics of migration
in South-East As ia and the ways in which people
H ighlight 3: Pe ople trafficking and traffick ing in the sex industry The AIC was provided $2.4 million over four years as part of a whole-of-government appropriation to extend and expand the government's strategy to combat people trafficking.
The A IC has established a mon itoring program on trafficking in persons relevant to Australia and the region, with the first annual monitoring report released in 2009-Trafficking in persons monitoring report, July 2007-December 2008. A second report is scheduled for release in fate 2011.
Almost 70 percent of the 113 trafficked persons in Australia identified to December 2008 originated from a South-East Asian country. Australia is un likely to experience a signif icant growth in trafficking in persons given its border controls and the current trend in the South-East Asian region where trafficking in persons follows existing internal migration pathways, or into more accessible destinations such as the M iddle-East.
Any incidence of trafficking in persons, however, is of serious concern and the AIC's monitoring program is critical for preventing and reducing this crime. Trafficking is largely unreported and there are several challenges in the availability, reliability and comparability of data internationally, regionally and within Australia. The AIC aims to progressively overcome these issues in future monitoring reports with targeted new research.
Sex worker survey To improve knowledge about vulnerabilities and protections relevant to trafficking in persons the AIC has partnered with Scarlet Alliance to conduct a multilingual survey of both migrant and non-migrant sex workers in Sydney , Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, Townsville, Perth, l
As part of the project, peer educators from Scarlet Alliance are surveying sex workers about migration experiences, access to justice and services, and industria l conditions of migrant sex workers as compared with non-migrant sex workers.
Birdie Thirapat, M igration Project Officer, Scarlet Alliance said:
As a Thai sex worker peer educator working on this survey I have had the opportunity to meet sex workers from Thai, Korean and Ch inese backgrounds from around Australia. We have shared stories and information on laws, migration and sex worker rights.
Jules Kim, Migration Project Manager, Scarlet Alliance said: â‘
The Scarlet Alliance survey of sex workers in Australia is importantly done by sex workers for sex workers. As a migrant and a sex worker, we have assumptions and stereotypes enforced upon us. With this research we are representing the voices and actual experiences of our community .
The project will give a better understanding of sex workers' experiences in Australia, identifying vulnerabilities to trafficking and exploring strategies used by sex workers to reduce the risks of trafficking.
trafficking occurs within this process and the
implications for Australia's anti-trafficking response
nationally and regionally .
Wl!ile the body of literature on trafficking for sexua l
exploitation has grown steadily, much less is known
about trafficking where the exploitation occurs
outside the sex industry. The AIC responded to this
critical gap in knowledge in 2009-1 0 and undertook
research on labour trafficking .
Labour traff icking
T he AIC examined wl1at is l
trafficking in Australia, based on incidents of
reported crimes and by drawing on information about unreported crime. This provided an assessment
about the known or likely incidence of trafficking in
persons that can occur in the agricultural, cleaning,
hosp itality , construction and manufacturing industries,
or In less formal sectors such as domestic work and
home-help . The Minister for Home Affairs and Justice
launched the resultant report in November 2010.
Programs and performance 19
The research raised a number of issues for law
reform. On 23 November 2010, shortly after the
report was launched, the Minister for Home Affairs
and Justice announced a process to review
Australia's laws on trafficking in persons. This
process included a specific review of ihe Australian
legal response to labour trafficking. Submissions
to this review, including that of the Law Council of
Australia, drew heavily on the AIC 's labour trafficking
report.
The research was cited by various international
organisations, including HEUNI (the European
Institute for Crime Prevention and Control) and the
International Confederation of Trade Un ions, and
received wide press coverage including on the BBC
World N ews Service, the Voice of America news
service and througl1out the Australian media .
The AIC's recognised expertise in the research of
vulnerable populations led to funding for ongoing
research and monitoring linked to trafficking in
persons as part of Australia's strategy to combat
this crime.
Highlight 4: Labour trafficking
Economic and electronic crime
Overview and impact
Ma jor issues identif ied under this theme include
computer security threats faced by small businesses
in Australia, fraud, money laundering and the misuse
of information and communications technologies
when these crimes are being committed.
In 201 0 the A IC made a submission to the Joint
Select Committee on Cyber-Safety on the safety
of children and young people on the internet.
The submission identified the need for effective
partnerships between tl1e public and private sectors,
cyber security awareness raising and educational
activities and research into online child exploitation
and cyber security. AIC Principal Criminologist,
Dr Russell Smith, gave evidence at the committee's
public hearing on 24 March 201 1 .
Research into alternative remittance systems that
allow overseas transfers of money was examined
during a hearing of the Legal and Constitutional
Affairs committee examining the Combating the
In an AIC Research and Public Policy report, Labour Trafficking (David 201 0), released in November, by the Han. Brendan O'Connor, MP, Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, researchers found that labour trafficking to Australia, while smal l in scope, is likely to be under-reported and very complex. The number of labour trafficking cases investigated or prosecuted in Australia is small but its occurrence may well be more far reaching.
In releasing the report, the Minister said, 'People are generally not aware that anti-trafficking laws can be applied just as readily to the exploitation of a male industrial cleaner, for example, as to a woman brought to Australia for the purpose of sex slavery.'
He welcomed the report, saying it contributed to our understanding of labour trafficking and highlighted the gaps in our knowledge . 'Effective detection, supported by training, screening tools and processes of cross-referral, is the key.'
AIC researchers found that intermediaries such as agents and recruiters play a major role in labour traff icking, not only in the migration process, but also once individuals are working in Australia-often involving the payment of exorbitant fees to brokers and agents overseas. The report suggested that some employers use the lure of gaining permanent residency as a way of controlling their workers. It identified the overlap between the traffic l
The kinds of emp loymen t vulnerable to traffick ing include the agricultural, cleaning, hospitality, construction and manufacturing industries, as well as less formal sectors such as domestic work and home help.
In 2007 the Australian Government provided $26.3 million over four years to expand the government's strategy to combat people trafficking. Since then the AIC has been conducting research into the trafficking of people in the Asia-Pacific region.
The report examines what is known about labour trafficking in Australia, based on incidences of reported crimes and information about unreported crime. Building the knowledge base about labour trafficking is part of larger efforts directed at the prevention of trafficking.
20 I nnu<1l repo11 2010- j 1
-Theme Key results - - - _ - _ . J
Transnational
organised crim e The AIC and the Australian Crime Commission formed a partnership to exchange knowledge and skills as a first step in establishing a research partnership for applied research on serious organised crime in Australia
The AIC hosted the first international conference on serious and organised crime in Melbourne from 18-19
October 201 o
Peop le trafficking Information sessions around the country on people trafficking
Tlle trafficking of cl1i/dren in the Asia-Padfic, Jacqueline Joudo Larsen. April 2011
Labour trafficking , Fiona David, November 201 0
Migration and people trafficking in South-East Asia, Jacqueline Joudo Larsen, November 2010
Electronic crime Submission to the Joint Select Committee on Cyber-Safety on the safety of children and young people on U1e Internet
Submission to the UK Office of Fair Trading a-Consumer protection con sultation on 13 October 201 0
Subm ission to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Commission briefing on 28 March 2011
Cloud computing: Challenges and future directions, Kim -Kwang Raymond Chao, October 2010
Cyber threat landscape faced by financial and insurance induslfy, Kim-Kwang Raymond Chao, February 2011
Fraud Online survey to assess consumer fraud experiences on behalf of the Aus tralasian Consumer Fraud Taskforce (ACFT) . Results of the 2008 and 2009 ACFT surveys were published in 2011
Fraud against tile Commonwearth 2008-09 annual report to government , Jade Lindley & Russell G Smith, April 201 1
Financing of People Smuggling and Other M easures
Bill 2011.
The AIC provided submissions to the UK Office of
Fair Trading e-Consumer protection consultation on
13 October 201 o and the United Nations Office on
Drugs and Crime Commission briefing submitted on
28 March 2011. It also provided confidential advice
to a number of government agenc ies on cybercrime
issues.
The AIC's strong partnership with the Australian
Consumer Fraud Taskforce included chairing the
research sub-group of the taskforce and assisting
with the Scamwatch program.
. C ybercrime
An increased focus on computer security threats
facing A ustralian businesses resulted in the A IC
publishing a peer-reviewed rends & Issues paper
on the use of cloud computing (Chao 201 0). This
was followed by a paper that examined cyber threats
faced by tile financial and Insurance industry (Chao
2011). This research drew on the results of the Australian B usiness Assessment of Compu ter User
Security (A BAC U S) survey and highlighted the need
for a strong partnership belween .government and
â‘businesses for an effective crime prevention strategy.
Add itional research undertaken in 2010-11 that
drew on the ABACUS survey identified computer
security threats faced by small businesses in
Australia. This study included an overview of
the implications for small business owners and
countermeasures for preventing security breaches.
Au stralasian Consum er Fraud Taskforce On line Su rvey
Each year the AIC conducts a self-selected, online survey to assess consumer fraud experiences on behalf of the Australasian Consumer Fraud Taskforce (ACFT). The ACFT was formed in March 2005 and comprises 20 government regulatory agencies and departments, including the AIC. The taskforce also has partners from the community, non-governme nt and private sectors in an effort to increase the leve l of scam awareness in the commun ity. The online survey is conducted between 1 January and 31 Marcil each year and is hosted on the AIC's website.
It is designed to gather information about scams over the preceding 12 months and consumer responses to those scams, to improve the prevention, detection, investigat ion and prosecution of scam offenders. The A IC also conducts research into otller consumer fraud-related issues, such as identity crime,
plastic card fraud and fraud trends.
Programs and perform ance 21
Highlight 5: Australasian Consume r Fraud Taskforce surveys The results of the Australasian Consumer Fraud Taskforce online surveys for 2008 and 2009 were published as a Technical Background paper in 201 1.
Those who perpetrate consumer scams use a wide range of deceptive practices and methods of commun ication. All of them , however, aim to trick t.msuspecting consumers into parting with money or information. Consumer fraud has been estimated to cost Australia $1 billion annually, although the full extent of losses is unknown as many people choose not to report their losses. Victims can feel ashamed or embarrassed of what they have done and be reluctant to report it.
The online survey is an attempt to obtain a snapshot of the public's exposure to consumer scams, assess their impact and to determine how victims respond.
Both the surveys from 2008 and 2009 found that despite most responden ts indicating that they had received a scam invitation over the preceding 12 month s, the majority did not respond. Ema il was the most common method of comm unicating these scams. Lottery scams attracted the highest number of victims in 2008 but in 2009 work from home scams we re the most common.
The surveys provide a useful means of identifying the nature of victimisation and areas for further research on consumer fraud. Links between victims and patterns of age, income, reporting and jurisdiction could be used to develop more strategic and focused public awareness campaigns .
With a mo re extensive understanding of who Is victimised and why, more effective scam prevention measures can be enacted.
The results of the 2008 and 2009 ACFf surveys
were published in 2011. Other research undertaken
in this reporting period related to online scams
involving victims of advance fee frauds emanating
from N igeria. Further information about the ACFT
can be found at www.scamwatch .gov.au.
Fraud against the Aus tralian Government
In October 2006 the AIC was given responsibility
'for collecting and reporting on fraud aga inst
the Australian Governmen t as required by the
Commo nwealth Fraud Control Guidelines. All government agencies are required to provide the
A IC witl1 information on their experiences of fraud
and the steps tl1ey take to control it. This information
is used for an annual report to the Minister for Home
Affairs and Justice.
Each year the A IC hosts the Fraud aga inst the
Commonwea lth online survey on its secure webs ite, and collates and compi les the data into an annual mon itoring report showing trends in fraud across all
agencies.
In January 2011 the review of the Commonwea lth
Fraud Control Guidelines was finalised and the
22 Annual râ‘epo1l ?01 0-1 I
guidelines for collecting data were clarified to ensure
that fraud is reported consistently and uniformly.
The next survey, for 201 0-11 , will draw a distinction
between fraud and non-compl i anc~. This will
allow all agencies to better differentiate between
suspected and substantiated cases of fraud and
other operational activit ies that se1ve to 'check and balance' regulatory comp liance activities. This
is particular ly relevant to the large service provision
and revenue-collecting agencies.
For the first time in 2011 the Minister for Home
Affairs and Justice released the Fraud against the
Commonwealth monitoring report to the public.
At the same time the government also released the
revised Commonwea lth Fraud Control Guidelines
and a Better Practice Gu ide to help all agenc ies
respond to risks of fraud.
New research
The A IC has started negotiations with Computer
Emerge ncy Response Team Australia to undertake
survey research of computer security incidents in
Australia.
Crime prevention
Overview and impact
Tl1e AIC continued to make important con tributi ons
to crime prevention in Australia and overseas in 201Q-11.
In 201 0 the AIC drafted a National Crime Prevention ramework for the Australia and New Zealand Crime Prevention Senior Officers' Gro p. The Ministerial Council for Police and Emergency Management " Police Senior Officer's Group - is currently considering this framework.
Outside Australia, the AIC contributed to the programs of the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, providing expert input to the development of a regional organised crime threat assessment tool. The AIC also worked with the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addi tion to provide input into the deve lopment of a uropean illicit drugs moni toring framewor l<.
Capacity building in crime prevention
The AIC continued to develop its technical assistance program to support those working in the field of crime prevention, providing technical advice about performance measurement and monitoring to national, state and territory law enforcement agencies. In 2010-11 the AIC further developed its series of applied resources for crime prevention policymal
The AIC also started developing a training series â‘ with the University of Sydney Institute of Criminology to assist those involved in crime prevention evaluation, by providing guidance on effective
evaluation outcomes and critical steps. The first training sessions began in the first quarter of 201 o-11.
Applied cannabis-related resources for criminal justice practitioners
As part of the AIC partnership with the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre, the ~IC developed resources for those dealing with
cannabis-related crime. These resources are
intended to inform criminal justice professionals and the community about the criminal justice dimensions of cannabis use in Australia. In 201 G-11 tile focus was on developing a series of highly app lied Research In Practice pub lications designed to improve the
response of law enforcement to local cannabis problems.
AIC contribution to internationa l crime prevention policy and practice
In 201 0 the AIC coordinated the development of a
National Crime Prevention Framework through the Australia and New Zea land Crime Prevention Senior Officers' Group, while outside Australia it contributed to the programs of the United Nations Office of
Drugs and Crime and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. In addition, the AIC maintained a close involvement with the International Centre for Crime Prevention, with the Director and a number of staff involved with the Centre's activities over the year
Evaluation of criminal justice programs
The AIC is increasingly undertaking evaluation work for criminal justice and regulatory agencies. In the past year AIC staff completed or commenced evaluating a number or innovative court models . One example is the Queens land Murri Court-a court model established to reduce high rates of reoffe'nding among Indigenous offenders and to provide a more culturally appropriate criminal justice process for Indigenous Australians. Other court " based evaluations undertaken by the AIC include an evaluation of the Queensland Homelessness and Special Circumstances Court Diversion Program and an evaluation of the NSW Children's Court Alternative Dispute Resolution Program.
The AIC also undertook eva luation work for a number of jurisdictions covering the following areas:
" the Impact of policing strategies on managing licensed premises and alcohol-related harm
" reforms to victim support services
" police responses to local illicit drug problems
" the road transport regulatory environment.
Progr. rns an I perf nnnnce 23
Evaluating the impact of policing strategies on alcohol-related harms
In early 2011 the AIC completed a 12-month
evaluation of the ACT Police response to alcohol " related harms. The final report, which w ill be published in 2011-12, made a number of recommendations to enhance ACT Police's performance in this area. These included that ACT Police develop a longer-term strategy to address alcohol-related problems, supported by improved communication and collaboration within ACT Po lice and relevant third parties, improved intelligence gathering and ana lysis and better performance
mon itoring and measurement. Although the evaluation was conducted in the ACT. many of the findings 'from this work are likely to apply in other policing contexts.
Forecasting crime
The AIC conducted confidential commissioned analyses for federal, state and territory law enforcement and criminal intelligence agencies on the modelling and forecasting of volume crimes such as offences against children, drugs, economic and
financial crimes and human trafficking in Australia.
Work was also undertaken on:
o estimating the size of prisoner popu lations in
the next decade
" modelling tile optimal performance and resourcing for community policing functions
" developing a predictive mode l of the location of clandestine drug laboratories based on precursor chemical clumps seized by police
" reviewing the Canadian Department of Justice's research into the economic and financial costs of spousal violence in Canada.
The AIC worked with law enforcement agencies to improve the ability to identify patterns in drug seizurâ‘es . This information cou ld then be used for
operational law enforcement. This project built on the AIC 's existing DRUGSMOD statistica l model of the inter-relationships between Australian domestic drugs markets.
Much of this forecasting and modelling work was undertaken as consultancies with law enforcement agencies and will not be made public. In addition to producing these confidential reports a number of publications were released through the year. A Trends & Issues paper on 'crime families' (Goodw in
& Davis 2011) drew attention to the intergenerational transmission of crim inal behaviour in families and received significant media attention. A further Trends & Issues .paper on measuring the severity of crime
is currently in production and will be released in the next financial year.
Crime prevention The AIC drafted a National Crime Prevention Framework for the Australia and New Zealand Crime Prevention Senior OHicers' Group
Capacity building
Criminal justice program evaluation
The AIC held the Australian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards 201 0, announced on 28 October
The AIC developed a series of applied resources for crime prevention policymakers and practitioners ,
including Its range of Research in Practice publications
The AIC began development of a training series with the University of Sydney Institute of Criminology for
people involved In crime prevention evaluation
The AIG am! the NSW Department of Attorney General and Justice co-hosted the Meet ing the Needs of
Victims of Crime conference, 18-19 May 2011
Resea rch in Practice publications designed to improve the response of law enforcement to local
cannabis problems
Evaluation of a number of innovative court models including:
" the Queensland Murri Court (Evaluation of the Queens land Murrl Court: Final report, Anthony Morgan & Erin Louis, Oc tober 201 0}
" the Queensland Home lessness and Special Circumstances Court Diversion Program
" the NSW Chndren's Court Altematlve Dispute Resolution Program
Twelve-month evaluation of AC T Police's response to alcohol-related harms
24 Annua l report201 0-11
Crime and the community
Overview and impact
Much of the work in this area focused on Indigenous people, juveniles, human trafficking and women and children as victims of violence. The research is highly regarded because of the m ixed methods it uses, its special expertise and its ethically-sensitive approach. Tr1e worl< directly assisted governments to achieve
a wide range of outcomes, including ensuring 'community safety, including community confidence in law and order, and the effective and efficie nt
administration of justice' (National Information Development Plan for Crime and Justice Statistics Information paper ASS 2005).
Since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Dea ths in Custody the AIC has monitored deaths in custody. Various Produc tivity Commission and COAG reports, such as the Repor t on Government Services 2011 (produced by the Steering Committee for the Rev iew of Government Service Provision), have recognised this as the mos t reliable Indigenous-specific dataset on equity and effectiveness in the criminal justice system.
The AIC is directly contributing to the National Plan to Red uce Violence Against Wom en and their Children, endorsed by COAG on 14 February 2011 , and undertook a substantial project on intimate partner homi cide.
In April 2011 til e ACT Human Rights Commission
called for submissions for a review of the Bimberi juvenile justice facility . The AIC prepared a report to assist the Bimberi Review team using data provided to the AIC and publicly available data to give an overview of juveniles' contact with police, courts and corrections in the ACT.
As part of a greater focus on crime and justice issues for culturally and linguistic ally diverse communi ties in Australia, the AIC has been undertaking research investigating the crime experienced by international students.
Indigenous justice
In 201 0-11 , the AIC continued a substantial worl<
program focused on Indigenous crime and justice issues.
Deaths in custody monitoring
The AIC continued to main tain the National Deaths in Cus tody program and during 201 0-11 published an annual report covering data to 31 December 2008. See Highlight 6: Twentieth anniversary of mon itoring deaths in custody.
During 201 0-11 the AlC commenced an extensive review of the program to ensure data is accurate and relevant, m e ts the program's and stakeholders aims and needs, reflects ongoing developments in police and correctional practice and leads to more timely outputs. This review will be completed early in 2011-12 and improvements will be implemented
throughout that year. The next report is due for release in 2012 and will cover data to 2010.
Monitoring police custody
Ever since the AIC began monitoring Abo riginal dea ths in custody it has also conducted the comp leme ntary Po lice Custody Survey program. Under this program, census surveys were conducted covering cell custody incidents in August of the years 1988, 1992, 1995, 2002 and 2007. The program has been undergoing a review to address irregularities in the datasets. The AIC is currently assessing the 2007 data and investigating with state and territory police agencies the potential to replace the survey with an annually-calculated aggregate dataset of all custody incidents.
Indigenous community safety
One AIC project, supported by the ACC , resulted in the developme nt of a community safety survey for Australian Indigenou s com munities. A review of this survey with service providers in urban , rural and
remote communities found that, while respondents felt safe in mos t situations, they were concerned about their safety at night and about the safety of others in the community, especially girls and young women .
A later project, also completed in 2010-11, involved the AIC re-developing the commu nity safety survey at the request of the Australian Government De partment of Fam ili es, Ho using, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs {FaHCS IA) to make it mo re suitable for use w ith Indigenous community members. The questionnaire has since been used by FaHC SIA to conduct surveys on community safety issues in remote Northern Territory communities.
Programs and pert or mance 25
Highlight 6: Twentieth anniversary of monitoring deaths in custody On 15 April 2011 the Australian Institute of Criminology marl
In 1992 the AIC released the first Deaths in Custody monitoring report. Annual data has been published regularly since then. The mo st recent report was released in December 2010 covering data to 2008 .
The A IC receives deaths in custody data from all Australian police and corrections agenc ies and uses available coronia! findings where possible.
The main conclusion from the Royal Commission was that Indigenous people are actually not more likely to die in custody than non -Indigenous people. This remains true today.
The problem remains that Indigenous people are significantly over-represented in all forms of custody compared with non -Indigenous Australians. Indigenous people make up less than two and a half percent of the total Australian population yet account for over a quarter of young people In juvenile detention, one -third of people in police custody incidents and more than a quarter of the total prison population.
Efforts to reduce Indigenous deaths in custody must include a focus on reducing the contact of Indigenous people with the criminal justice system.
While any death is of concern, there are some positive trends. Both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous rates of deaths in custody have decreased over the last decade. For example, in 2008 rates of death in prison for both cohorts were some of the lowest ever recorded. There were 1.3 deaths per 1,000 Indigenous prisoners and 2.2 per 1,000 non-Indigenous prisoners.
The nature of deaths in both prison and police custody has changed dramatically since 1991. The most common cause of prison custody death at that time was from self-inflicted injuries, primarily hanging. Since the late 1990s deaths rrom hanging in prison have declined and in recent years this is one of the least common causes of death in prison, particularly amongst Indigenous prisoners.
The nature of deaths in police custody has also changed over the past 20 years. During the 1990s most deaths in police custody occurred in an institut ional setting such as a police cell or during raids. Since 2000, deaths occur most frequently in motor vehicle pursuits and sieges.
The AIC w ill continue to monitor deaths in all forms of custody and will assist custodial authorit ies in developing strategies to reduce these incidents.
Non-disclosure of violence in Indigenous communities
Th is project, supported by the ACC, examined the
available information on non -disclosure, or under "
reporting, of violence in Au stralian Indigenous
commu nities. It considered ways of increasing levels of disclosure, including through specialised training and culturally appropriate adaptations for police
and other service providers, community education
and awareness and working with comm unities to
deve lop community -based responses.
International indicators to measure Indigenous justice outcomes
This short project resulted in a researcll brief
published through the Indigenous Justice
26 Annual 1 eport 20 1 Q-11
C learinghouse . The brief explored indicators used
by internationa l and national bodies to measure diffe ren tial justice outcomes , particularly for those
experiencing disadvantage in the justice system .
Review of Northern Territory Community Safety Planning
This project reviewed a commun ity safety planning
program developed and implemented by the
Northern Territory Department of Justice. The review
identified a range of issues w ith the program , ma inly linked to the comp lexity and cha llenges of whole-of "
government policy development and implem entation, and made recommendat ions for its future
development.
Contribution to the baseline for the Northern Territory Emerg ency Response
During 2010-11 the AIC provided advice to
FaHCS IA on its work on base line mapp ing of remo te
service delivery (RSD) comm uniti es. This followed
from a substantial body of work undertaken by the
AIC for FaHCSIA in 2009 -1 0, during which the AIC
collected and analysed criminal justice data and
information for 29 communities identified as priorities
under the RSD National Partnership Agreement.
Victims of violence, espec ially w om en and children
The AIC continued to ma ke a contribut ion to the
National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women
and their Children. The AIC finalised a quantitative
and qualitative study of homicides occurring in the
Northern Territory between 1989-90 and 2005-Q6
that involved Indigenous victims or offenders. The
study, prepared by an external consultant engaged
by t11e A IC, drew on No rthern Te rritory police case
files and data collected through the National
Homicide Monitoring Program (see below).
The report showed that most Indigenous homicide
victims and offenders were male, typically
unemp loyed, had a criminal history and were under
the influence of alcohol at the time of the offence.
TI1is report w ill not be publicly released for ethics
and privacy reason s. due to the detailed case
studies used, but a summary of the ma in findings
and themes w ill be included as a chapter in a
national report on intimate partner homicide due
to be released in 2011-12.
Young people and crime
.The A IC has a long involvement w ith mon itoring and
research on juvenile justice issues and has regularly
published the Juven iles in Detention monitoring
report and related data since 1999. In 20 10 the
AIC produced the monitoring report, Juveniles in
Detention 1981-2008, which analysed the numbers
and rates of juveniles in detention in A ustralia by
sex, age, Indigenous and legal status. Following the
release of this last report, the mo nitoring program
ceased as juven ile justice reporting by the A ustralian
Institute of Hea lth and W elfare and the Aus tralian
~ureau of Statistics now comprehensively covers
this.
However, the AIC will continue to focus on primary
juvenile justice research. During 201 ~11 , it
undertook work measu ring the extent of juvenile
recidivism in A ustralia, a project funded by the
A ustralian Juvenile Justice Adm inistrators (AJJA).
Th is research was the first attempt in A ustralia to
develop counting rules that were compa rable across
jurisdictions and that could accurately report on
juvenile recidivism. Pape rs were also produced
on interventions to reduce offending by Indigenous
juveniles. police-referred restorat ive justice and
cllild ren's exposure to domestic violence. In 2011 -12,
the AIC w ill conduct research into juvenile bail and
remand.
R ecidivism
Currently, the AIC is assisting the Victorian
Department of Justice to develop the business
and operational rules needed for an integrated
recidivism mea sureme nt system . The aim is to
mo nitor long itudi nal recidivism outcom es and trends for separate birth cohorts. Longer-term recidivism
research such as this is needed to provide context
and clarity to key performance indicators used in
the Report on Government Services.
The AIC is expecting to undertake a Consultancy
with the Victorian Parliamentary Drugs and Crime
Prevention Co m mittee in 2011-12 to cond uct a
l ong it ~d i na l birth cohort study of Victorian youth,
exam ining contact with the criminal justice system
and Identify ing implications for interventions with
high-volume young offenders. This followed earlier
work on the recidivism outcomes of the Queens land
Drug Court, the National Police Drug Diversion
Initiative and the Victorian Youth Justice System.
Violent crime
Ov erview and impact
This area incorporates one of the A IC's largest and
longest running programs-the National Hom icide
Mon itoring Program (NHMP). One other major area
of investigation in 2010 -11 was the victimisation of
international students.
The study on victim isation of international students
was conducted w ith the support of the Departme nt
of Foreign Affairs and Trade (OFAl) and the
Programs and performance 27
Indigenous justice Development of a community safety survey lor Au slrallan Indigenous communities
Review of community safety planning in me Nor111ern Territory
Deall1s In custody in Australia: National Deaths in Custody Program 2008, Mathew Lyneham ,
Jacqueline Joudo Larsen & Laura Beacroft, December 2010
Study of homicides in the Northern Territory between 1989-90 and 2005-06 Involving Ind igenous victims or offenders
Monitoring custody Pollee Custody Survey program
National deaths in custody monitoring program
Young people and crime Juveniles in detention In Australia, 1981-2008, Kelly Richards & Mathew Lyneham, December 2010
Young Peop le, Risks and Resilience conference-co-hosted by the AIC and the Victorian Sa fe
Communities Network
Department of Immig ration and Citizenship (DIAC) and state and territory police services. It sought ways to quantify the nature and extent to which Indian students w ere the victims of crime compared with other international student groups and the Australian popu lation after a spate of attacks on Aus tralian based Indian students. This work will be released in 2011-12.
Homic ide research
The NHMP, wh ich began in 1989 , has grown into one of the world's most comprehensive homicide databases. It is made up of more than 70 variables for over 6,000 l1omicides, including detailed
information abou t both the victims and offenders of homicide. The NHMP operates by comb ining three sources of data- police reports, media reports an d coroniaVcourt records. The AIC is committed to reporti ng the data biennially as well as producing a range of other AlC publications. Tile NHMP data is frequently requested by government age ncies and included in major government reports including the
Productivity Comm ission's Repo r1 on Government Services and Indigenous Supplement.
Recently the AIC experienced dif ficulties in m aintaining cooperation and comm itment from some state and territory police agencies in providing NHMP data. This resulted in delays in finalising the annual data and the annual reporting schedule. A move to biennial reporting should help ease the pressure on state and territory police. A longer-term goal, however, will be to redesign NHMP data collection procedures to
further m inimise burden while maximising the quality
and time liness of data provision.
28 llrltlli
International student victimisation
Th e investigation into victimisation of international students w as a vital part of the Au stralian G overnm ent's response to growing concerns about the safety of international students following a series of media reports in 2009 of attacks on Indian international students and the subsequent death of Nitin Garg (an Indian student in M elbourne) in 2010.
The project w as cons idered critical since the international education sector has become the third largest export industry in Australia, generating approximately $15.5 bill ion and attracting more than 300,000 international students each year. The sector plays a crucial role in fostering stronger international linl
overseas. Student safety is an Important part of what makes Australia an attractive international education destination.
Th e AIC 's final report, expected to be released In August 201 â‘ 1 , represents the culmination of the AIC's research into crimes against international students using administrative and pre-existing survey data sources. It provides detailed findings from what is the most comp rehensive victimisa tion study cond ucted to date using DIAC internat ional student visa records for more than 400,000 students, matcl1ed with police crime victimisation records. Supplemen tary ana lysis of the AIC 's NHMP database and the Australian componen t of the 2004 International Crime Victimisation Survey has provided additional context to the AIC's investigation.
The AIC is currently seeking funding to conduct a large-scale victimisation survey of rnigrant comm unities In Australia, which will include temporary residents, such as students.
Victimisation of international students Study on viclimisation of international students initiated and being finalised for release in 2011-12
Domest ic violence Literature review investigating research gaps and priorities ir1 domestic violence research
An evaluation of the Family Violence Intervention Program in tile ACT
Integrated responses to domestic violence: Legally mandated intervention programs for male perpetrators, Andrew Day , Donna Chung , Patrick O'Leary, Donna Justo, Susan
Moo re, Ed Carson & Adam Ge race, December 201 0 (CRC -funded research)
Cllifdren s exposure to domestic violence in Australia, Kelly Richards, June 2011
Arm ed robbery Tile AIC held the National Armed Robbery Roundtable in February 201 1
Armed robbery in Australia: 2008 National Armed Robbery Monitoring Program annual report, Lance Smi th, Kym Dossetor & Maria Borzycki, June 2011
Hom icide Homicide in Australia: 2007-08 National Homicide Monitoring Program annual report, Ma rie Virueda & Jason Payne, December 201 0
Analysis of intimate partner homicides and risk assessment tools for preventing serious or
fatal family violence
Domestic violence
Domest ic and family violence remains a key policy
priority for both federal and state and territory
governments. This year the A IC, together with the
Criminology Researc h Counc il (CRC), undertook a
numbe r of research projects t11at contributed greatly
to the research and evidence base. This included:
" a comprehens ive literature review commissioned
by the CRC to investigate research gaps and
priorities in domes tic violence research
" analysis of intimate partner honnicides and risk
assessme nt tools for preventing serious or fatal
family violence
an evaluation of the Family Violence Intervention
Program in the ACT.
Tile CRC commiss ioned the A IC to conduc t
research that profil es domestic violence offenders
osing one of Australia's mos t comprehens ive
domestic violence data collection systems-the
Tasmania n Safe at Home Program . Currently in
progress, the project will provide new insights into
the typologies of domestic violence behaviour and
have implications for victim and perpetrator
intervention programs.
National Armed Robbery Monitoring
In February 2011 the A IC hosted the National Armed
~obbery Roundta ble as part of i ts National Armed
Robbery Monitoring Program. The roundtable,
comprised of business and law enforcement
representatives, provided a forum for examining
recent trends in armed robbery and exploring current
thinking on good practice. The roundtable was
convened to explore recent experiences of armed
robbery in various industry sectors and to discuss
crime prevention techniques recently implemented
or under consideration. In June 2011 , the latest N ational Armed Robbery Mon itoring Report was
released.
Drugs and alcohol
Overview and impact
Although the A IC continues to carry out alcohol
and illici t drugs research, the flagship of the program
is the Drug Use M onitoring in Australia {DUMA)
program, now Australia's largest, most frequent and
longest running survey of police detainees. Unlil
other national drug monitoring programs, D U M A has
the capacity to provide an early warning of changes
in the availability and use of illicit drugs.
In 201 0-11 other areas of interest under this theme
involved some short-term studies, including a study
of the policing of Indigenous substance m isuse in me tropolitan areas, funded through the Na tional
Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund.
Programs ond performance 29
Drug use m on itoring in Australia
Originally established at four sites in 1999, DUMA
has since expanded to nine sites across the country,
with at least one collection location in each mainland
capital city except Canberra.
In 2010-11 the AIC undertook a comprehensive
review of the DUMA program, including a
stakeholder review of the DUMA survey. It is
proposed that the program move i:o biennial
reporting (with tile 2009-1 0 report anticipated in
August 2011), freeing up staff resources to produce
more detailed and policy-relevant publications
throughout the two-year cycle.
The A IC also revised the DUMA survey to improve the quantity and quality of information collected on alcohol consump tion and drug market participation. This new data has been extremely valuable in generating new publications and informing strategic intelligence gathering networks in both federal and state law enforcement agencies.
Alcohol and crime
A highlight for DUMA in 2010-11 was the development and production of two Research in
Practice publications on alcohol and crime. These reports use information collected as part of the new DUMA survey to examine the quantity and type of alcohol consumed by police detainees arrested and detained for assault or disorderly conduct offences on Friday and Saturday nights. The research was released to coincide with the nationally organised Operation Unite-an Australasian policing operation raising awareness of the consequences of alcol1ol abuse and misuse .
Drugs survey
The A IC released results from DUMA's new and emerging drugs survey, with a specific focus on Mephedrone (otherwise known as 'Meow Meow') . The study examined the prevalence of Mephedrone
use and the extent of knowledge among detainees about the availability of Mephedrone in each jurisdiction. More recently, the A IC included a number of new questions in the DUMA survey
on synthetic cannabinoids (otherwise known as 'Kronic'), the results of which will be released shortly.
Changes and improvements
The DUMA program will refocus its attention on outputs to ensure the continued production of high-quality policy-relevant publications. Tile AIC
H igh light 7: Drug use mon itoring in Australia Two Research in Practice papers on alcohol and crime were pub lished under the DUMA program in 2010-11. One paper looked at people detained because of assau lt offences, the other examined offenders detained for disorderly behaviour on Friday and Saturday nights.
Although not necessarily violent, these latter offenders contribute significantly to the alcohol-related workload of police as well as creating costs for the community through the m isuse of alcohol.
The research was released to coincide with the May 2011 Opera tion Unite, which is the regular Australian and New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA) targeted strategy aga inst alcohol related crime. The data from this report reinforced the need for such polici ng activity.
The AIC reports received significant media coverage, including citations from Po lice Commissioners in various jurisdictions. They also provided important information supporting complementary strategies such as regulatory controls including licensing restrictions and provisions for the responsible service of alcohol.
The report found that those charged with disorder on Friday and Saturday nights were more likely than those charged at other times to have consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours. It was also found that those detainees were also nearly twice as likely as those charged at other times to have been m ixing drinks. This was particularly the case for males aged 26 to 35 years. The med ian number of drinks consumed for disorder offenders in the lead-up to their arrest was 15. Further, of those who had been drinl
Knowing the profile of disorderly conduct offenders, the amount of alcoho l they have consumed and where they consumed their last drink provides a more detailed picture than previously availab le on the populations targeted by law enforcement agencies.
30 Annual repati 20 I G-11
--rhen1e- - Key results - _ - _ -- ~ ~l
Drug Use Monitoring in Au stralia The AIC reviewed the DUMA program and revised the DUMA survey to improve the quantity and quality of information
Two Research in Practice publications on alcohol and crime:
Alcohol and assault on Friday and Sa lurday nights, Josh Sweeney & Jason Payne, May 2011
Alcohol and disorderly conduct on Friday and Sa turday nights, Josh SWeeney & Jason Payne, May 2011
Release of results from DUMA new ancl emerging drugs survey
Other drug and alcohol-related research Development of a predictive model of the location of clandestine drug laboratories based on precursor chemical dumps seized by police (confidenlian
Patterns of mephedrone, GHB, Ke tamine and Rohypnol use among police delainees, Alex Ness & Jason Pay ne, May 2011
Submission Ia the United Nalions Office on Drugs and Crime Com mission briefing submilted on 28 Ma rch 2011
is also currently in discussion w ith Edith Cowan Un iversity and WA Police about the possible regional expansion of the DUMA program in WA. Other jurisdict ions have also show~ an interest in tl1e DUMA program being expanded to regional locations.
Other drug and alcohol-related research
As wen as DUMA, the AIC has undertaken other drug and alcohol related research, including:
" a consultancy with the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney-Gene ral to evaluate the north and south Queensland Drug Court
" a Consu ltancy with tl1e National Drug Law Enforceme nt Research Fund (N DLE RF) to examine Indigenous substance use in metropolitan locations and implications for policing
" a collaboration with the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre to develop a number of new publications and criminal justice relevant inform ation resources relating to cannab is (see abo ve)
" a consultancy w ith the Victorian Parliamentary Drugs and Crime Prevention Comm ittee examining alcohol-related assau lts in the Melbourne CBD .
Future opportunities evaluating the criminal justice outcomes of Indigenous drug and alcohol programs in regional locations will result in tl1e con tinued
expa nsion of wo rk in the drug and alcoh ol field.
Property crime
Ov erview and impact
The AIC has a long history in researcl1ing property crime. In recent years the focus has been on bushfire arson , f irearms lheft and firearms trafficki ng. he final report of a fou r-year Nationa l Firearm s Theft moni toring program was in production in 2010-11 and is expected to be released in late 2011.
Bush fire arson
The AIC has undertaken busl1fire arson research since 2005, funded by the Bushfire Coopera tive
Research Ce ntre (Bus hfire CRC). The staff involved in the research program were relocated to the
Geospatial team in 2010. The AIC's bushfire arson research has been pivotal in informing governments, fire agencies and the law enforcement sector abou t the nature of bushfire arson, particularly preced ing and following the Black Saturday fires in Victoria in early 2009. Th e Bus hfire CRC-fu nded arson
research was comp leted in 2010. The AIC deve loped a num ber of new proposals to unde rtake further arson research but as these did not attract funding the arson program is now considered complete.
Although funding ceased, the AIC remained active in the arson area throughout 201 0 in response to the Attorney-General's significant interest In a national bushfire arson prevention strateg y. The AIC played a ma jor role in helping the Attorney-Ge neral's Departme nt develop a wildfire arson investigators
Prograr ns an I parfat mance 31
course. This course was designed to provide
Australia w ith a critical mass of experienced bushfire
arson investigators. It ran successfully for the first
time in late 2010.
Disseminating research findings The A IC provides information that supports a broad range of stakeho lders. Through publications, the
web, social media, the library, media releases , conferences, seminars and roundtables, the A IC disseminates information about the nature and extent of crime, emerging trends and effective responses to promote justice and reduce crime.
Publications
The AIC communicates new knowledge both internally
and externally and the regular AIC publication stream
is the foundation of this dissemination.
There are two peer-reviewed publications
categories-the Research and Pub lic Policy series
and Trend & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice,
researched and written by both AIC researchers
and external authors.
Other publication categories in the AIC program
include:
o Monitoring reports-reports from AIC monitoring
programs that capture data across Australia on a range of crime and justice issues
o Technical and Background papers (TBPs) "
technical reports containing statistical and methodological material produced as part of
the AIC research process
.. Australian crime: Facts and figures- an annua l
publication providing a statistica l overview of
Global, Econorn ic and Electronic Crime
Crime Reduct ion and Review
Crime and Pop ulations
Violent and Serious Crime Monitoring
Total
32 Annual report 2010-â‘11
14
12
22
21
69
the most recent nationa l i nformation on crime in Australia, serving as a ready reference resource. The publication presents statistics on the numbers and types of recorded crime, where they occur, victim details, data on offenders, responses of criminal j ustice agencies and government resources for dealing w ith crime and corrections
" Research in Practice (RIP)-short research papers, fact sheets, tip sheets and case studies
from evidence-based research for practitioners in the crim inal justice field
.. Brief- the A IC's stakeholder news letter, published
in-house and distributed electronically to provide an informative summary of recent AIC research and activities.
During 2009-1 0 the AIC published a significant range of high-quality in-house publications including:
.. Australian crime: Facts & figures 2010
" 31 peer-reviewed research publications (Research and Public Po licy, Trends & Issues)
" Six monitoring reports
" 31 other publications (fBPs, R iPs , fact sheets, news letters and confidentia l reports)
" the 2009-1 0 annual reports of the AIC and the CRC .
In 2010-11 peer-reviewed publications increased by 1 0 percent over 2009-1 0, an increase of 34 percent over the AIC's publication target.
The A IC's most popular publication is Australian crime: Facts and figures. This can also be viewed more dynam ically using the 'Facts and Figures On line' data tool.
A full list of A IC publications is provided in Appendix 1. AIC staff also produced 24 articles and papers
published by other agenc ies; these are listed in Appendix 2 .
26
7
21
23
77
Review and publication process
All publication submissions are subject to a rigorous
review process before they are accepted for
publication . Drafts are reviewed by AIC staff, senior
research staff and finally the Director, and are also
subject to external review. All publications are edited
to conform to the AIC publishing style guide.
The AIC has been accepted by the Department of
Innovation, Industry, Science and Researcll as an
accredited pub lisher to receive university funding
under its higher education research data collections
specifications. This accreditation covers the
peer-reviewed and commercially published Trends
& Issues papers and the Research and Public Po licy series. The AIC gratefully acl
contribution of those who have taken part in tile
peer-review process during the year.
Events
A large number of events including three major
conferences, occasional sem inars, forums and
roundtables were held throughout the year to inform
and engage with a range of AIC stakeholders.
Details on each of these are available in Appendixes
4and 5.
As we ll as appearing before public inquiries on
topics including cybercrime , money laundering
and people trafficking, staff also made more than
55 presentations on the A IC's work to meetings and conferences of crim inal justice practitioners,
governme nt agencies, academics, politicians and
other interested pariies in Australia and overseas.
These are listed in Appendix 3.
Conferences
The AIC hosted three significant confereRces during
the year:
o The first ever International Serious and Organised
Crime Conference was held in Melbourne from 18-1 9 October 201 0 and attended by around 300 delegates.
" The Young People, Risks and Resilience
conference was co-hosted by the A IC and
the Victorian Safe Communities N etwork and
attracted 230 registrations.
o The international conference Meeting the Needs
of Victims of Crime, co-sponsored by the AIC and Victims Services, NSW Department of Attorney
General and Justice was held in Sydney on 18-1 9
May with 200 peop le in attendance.
Roundtab le discussions
Experts, stakeholders and practitioners attend
AIC roundtable discussions to explore issues of
public policy and those related to manag ing and
maintaining the monitoring report programs. The AIC
organises these discussions to develop and ma intain
a commo n, current knowledge base on significant
issues and to encourage strategic information
sharing between policy and program agencies and
practitioners.
Ten roundtable discussions and forums were held in
2010-11. These are listed in Appendix 6.
Seminars
Occasional seminars are held throughout the year
at the AIC. This year speakers presented on a wide range of topics including international fraud, crime prevention in Northern Australia and juvenile
rehabilitation programs in Canada. Members of the criminology and policy community were invited along w ith A IC staff. Forthcoming sem inars are promoted
on the AIC's webs ite and via email. Appendix 4 lists the 1 0 public sem inars hosted by the AIC during 2010-11.
The AIC also held a number of in-house seminars during the year at which staff members presented findings from their research for peer review.
Submissions to government inquiries
The AIC made formal subm issions to eight inquiries
during the year and appeared before four national
inquiries. See Appendix 5 for details.
Media liaison
The media continue to consult the A IC on a wide
range of criminological issues seeking comment
on AIC work, other research findings and general
backgrQund information and statistics on crime
within Australia. H ighlight 9 shows the extent of this
consultation for 201 0-11 .
Programs and performance 33
High light 8: 2010-11 Conferences
International Serious and Orga nised Crime Confe rence
The AIC hosted this first ever internationa l conference on serious and organised crime in Melbourne from 18-19 October 2010.
The cost of organised crime in Australia is more than $10 billion a year-a massive burden on society of lost revenue and costs to criminal justice, social, health and welfare systems. The A IC chose this topic as it is an issue faced by law enforcement agencies around the world.
Sponsored by Victoria Po lice, the Australian Crime Commission, Australian Fede ral Police and CrimTrac, the conference brought together renowned experts from around Australia and overseas including:
" Simon Overland, Chief Commissioner, Victoria Police
" John Lawler, CEO, Australian Crime Commiss ion
" William Hughe s, former Director General of the UK Serious and Organised Crime Agency
" Gary Lewis, Regional Representative for the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime
a Steve Martinez, Assistant Director in Charge of the
Los Angeles Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
" Brigadier General Dr Saud Usman Nasution, Indonesian National Police
o Professor Ernesto Savona , Universita Cattolica,
Milan
" Dr Paula Miraglia, International Centre for the Prevention of Crime, Canada
o Professor Andrew Hughes, former Australian UN
police chief now with the University of Wol longong Centre for Transnational Crime Prevention.
AIC Director, Dr Adam To mison said, 'The Institute has felt for some time that it was crucial that law enforcement and criminal justice experts were provided with an opportunity to discuss the l
Over the course of the two-day conference more than 280 delegates from organisations and law enforcement agencies around the world shared their knowledge and experiences in investigating and targeting organised crime. Academics, government
34 Annual repo1â‘1 2010-11
agencies and industry had the opportunity to collaborate on best practice and analyse local and international trends.
The conference covered more than 40 topics in both plenary and concurrent sessions including expert analyses of organised crime groups such as:
" the Italian and Russian mafias, Colombian cartels and Chinese triads
" cybercrime, fraud and identity theft
" people smuggling and people trafficking
" the nexus between organised crime and terrorism.
Other major themes included the importance of intelligence sharing and partnerships, strengthening integrity and fighting corruption, innovation, performance measurement and crime prevention strategies.
Young Peop le, R isks and Resi lience Conference
This conference was co-hosted by the A IC and the Victorian Safe Communities Network and attracted 230 registrations.
This was an important and timely conference as crime statistics are dropping for almost all demographics except for juvenile crime where there has been a worrying increase over the past few years.
Many teenagers are attracted to risky behaviours " binge drinking, drug use and dangerous driving. Most indulge a few times and then remove themselves from these behaviours. Others continue to offend and end up in the criminal justice system.
This conference explored those who put themselves at risk and keep getting drawn to criminal behaviours-what motivates them and what we can do to intervene.
Most young people are naturally resilient but society must also provide support and therapeutic interventions for young people to build on that resilience.
Keynote speakers included:
" Adam Tomison, Director, AIC
" Andrew Scipione, NSW Police Commissioner
" David Chalke, Director of Quantum Research
" Professor Jan Copeland, Assistant Director, National Cannabis Prevention and Informa tion Centre
o John Fitzgerald, Executive Manager, Knowledge
& Environments for Health, Vic Health
o Keiran Walshe, Victorian Deputy
Commissioner of Police.
'The Minister for Home Affairs and Justice opened the second day of proceedings.
Meeting the Needs of Victims of Crime Conference
The AIC and Victims Services, NSW Department of Attorney General and Justice co-hosted this international conâ‘ ference in Sydney from 18-19 'â‘May w ith 200 attendees.
Proceedings were opened by the NSW Attorney General and Minister for Justice, the Han. Greg Smith, MP. The Federal Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, the Han. Brendan O'Connor, MP, opened the second day of the conference.
Issues canvassed included victims' rights and human rights, assisting victims through the criminal justice process and the experiences and support needs of victims of crime, including those who have experienced domestic violence, child abuse and fraud.
Victims and their representatives rightly insist more and more on greater participation in the justice system and receiving proper recognition and redress.
Plenary speakers included:
" Dr Jonathan Doak, Nottingham Trent University " victims' rights in the context of internation al human rights
" David Levine, former Supreme Court justice , Chairperson of the Serious Offenders Review Council-victims within court settings
a Dr Ann O'Neill, Director of angelhands, a support
centre for victims of serious crimes- experiences as a researcher, practitioner and victim
" Professor Jane Ursel, Director of Research and Education for Solutions to Violehce and Abuse (RESOLVE), Canada.
There were presentations from a number of victims support groups such as Bravehearts and the Enough is Enough Anti Violence Movement Inc. The Scarlet
Alliance presented on the experiences and vulnerabilities of sex workers.
As with all AIC conferences since 201 0, the key speeches, sessions and conference papers were posted on Criminology TV and the AIC website.
Prograrns and performance 35
The three conferences and the AIC 's innovative
research allowed significant positive media coverage
of the AIC in the past year, with media enqu iries resulting in 81 media interviews with AIC authors
and researchers.
Other ma jor releases included Research and Public Policy papers on environmental crime in October
2010 and labour trafficl< ing in Novembe r 2010.
New AIC research on knife crime in Australia, Indigenous justice and juvenile justice all received extensive m edia coverage, as did the annual reports of the firearms theft and DUMA monitoring programs. The re was also intense media interest on the intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour,
and specifically, the crim inogenic effect of criminal mothers on their children's subsequent behaviour.
The Minister for Home Affairs and Justice's decision
to publicly release, for the first time, the Fraud Against the Commonwea lth report attracted a
great deal of interest. Previously the report was
confidential to government.
H igh light 9: Med ia releases issued 2010-11 r:~-.--- -, --,;r-,--~,. ~~ "-n: !'~â‘~ -. -~- - - ~- â‘- T" - --~- ----â‘ -~ -- "-r l ..,~-----.- -....-... :]
!!Date TO~IC . â‘ . ~--~ --â‘----~â‘-":~OJ:-- ------ -l-------=~---=-=>t::_--C::"1\.~ ... ,-~-. --------'
31 August 2010
29 October 201 0
9 November 2010
12 November 201 0
15 December 201 0
17 December 201 0
19 January 2011
4 February 2011
1 0 February 2011
21 February 20 11
23 February 2011
25 February 2011
10 May 2011
7 March 2011
8 March 2011
15 April 201 1
4 May 2011
9 May 2011
17 May2011
18 May 2011
19 May 2011
20 May 2011
26 May 2011
31 May 2011
17 June 2011
27 June 201 1
Restorative justice measures for juvenile offenders not having intended impact
National anti-crime award winners announced
Exposing tile hidden crime of labour trafficking (Minister's release)
Human trafficking from SE Asia under-reported (Minister's release)
Natural causes responsible for many deaths in custody
Aus tralia's hom icide rates rema in stable
Complex barriers prevent disclosure of violence by Indigenous victims
Measuring the effectiveness of drug law enforcement
Study of jurors shows judges get it right on criminal sentencing (Minister's Release)
Cybe r threats to the financial and ins u r~nce industry
The challenges of juvenile crime
An tisocial behaviour: an exam ination of individual, family, and neighbourl1ood factors
AIC Tral1icklng forum held in Kalgoorlie
Youth Risk and Resilience Conference in Melbourne
Lotteries and 'wo rk from home' scams hitAussies
20 years of monitoring deaths in custody
Study linds that alcohol leads to weekend assaults (Minister)
Criminal mothers strongly influence crime in children
Victims Conference opens in Sydney
Kn ife crime in Australia
'Meet ing the needs of victims of crime' conference, speech , Sydney (Minister-l aunch of Facts and Figures 2010)
High-risk prisoners receiving better rehabilitation programs
AIC Trafficking forum held In Mildura
GHB and Ketamlne well-known in eastern states- Meow meow better known in west
New study finds Centrelink leads the way to stop fraud (Minister)
Exposure to domestic violence a form of child abuse (Minister)
36 Annua l repo1i 2010-11
News head lines for the AIC
Juvenile justic e conferences missing targets: report ABC Radio, 31 August 2010
Swindlers costing Aust govt $775m 0 New Zea land H erald, April 5 2011 â‘- Cti c: (1) .r: ...., en (/) 0 Blkie figures don't lie, says Rann
NE.WS.com .au.January252011 People trafficking unrecognised in Australia
ABC Radio, 18 October 2010
Report highlights fraud against govt NEWS.com.au, April 4 2011
$2m stolen pictures will be 'unsaleable' Herald Su n, Augus t 14 201 0
Fraud costing Govt hundred s of millions (.) ABC Online, April 4 2011
ro Fraudsters pinch 1 8c in every $1 00 outlaid by Federal Government NEWS .com.au , April 4 2011
~ y
-c Good Weekend M agazine, 14 August 201 0 sofA
- -â‘
e
UJ New trends of people trafficked into Australia OOk before we eSCalate Cl) ABC Radio, 3 Nov ember 201 0 +-':: ctS~
..c
Syd ney Mo rning H erald, Oc tober 1 2010
Home violence service to close as funds dry up The Age , June 28 2011 ~
Q) ~ Rorts, theft~ drain $600 million from coffers
E Ã Herald Sun Apnl 4 201 1 u ~~~ Bill to expand the definition of child abuse . '-" ~ Sydney Morn ing Herald, June 28 2011
Programs and perfo1 mance 37
AIC website
The AIC's website (www.aic.gov.au) is the principal
means of ensuring the wide dissemination of
research results. As well as providing information
about the AIC and Its work., it acts as a gateway to impo1tant information on crime and criminal justice in
Australia. Print copies of major AIC pub lications are
available for purchase and electronic versions of all
publicatio ns are available free of charge from the AIC
website. Two AIC datasets can also be accessed via
a data tool on the webs ite- the Facts and Figures
Online dataset and the Drugs and Offending data
which is based on DUMA research data.
During April-June 2011 , the A IC developed and
published live In-Focus web pages on areas of
current research interest to stakeholders, the media
and the public-trafficking, cybercrime, Indigenous
justice, juvenile justice and crime prevention.
The pages are designed not only to explain why
these areas of research are important, and the
reasons behind developing research, but also to
flag current research programs being undertaken
by the AIC with links to publications in these areas.
The AIC website has more than 70 subject pages,
providing links to hundreds of other websites and
resources.
Website use increased during 201 Q-11 as follows:
o Visits: 634, 11 6 (up 34 percent)
" Page views: 2,033,487 (up 15 percent).
Highlight 10: Australian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards 2010 For almost 20 years, the Commonwea lth Heads of Government and the Ministerial Council for Police and Emergency Management Police have contributed funds annually to reward and showcase examples of good practice in community-based crime and violence prevention projects and programs though the Australian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards (ACVPAs). Each year a board of state and territory representatives, chaired by the Director of the AIC, meet to select award-winning projects from the general community and police agencies.
Minister for Home Affairs and Justice, the Han. Brendan O'Connor, MP, presented the 201 0 awards at Parliament House on 28 October. Five national awards were made for projects from Victoria, New South Wales and Queens land that addressed young offender rehabilitation, affordable housing communities, public housing tenants, victims of intimate partner violence and at-risk youth.
The 2010 national ACVPA winners were:
" Operation New Start Victoria (Vic)-a referral program for Victorian state secondary colleges providing academic and vocational support to youth at risk of offending
o The Bridge Project (Vic)-a program that provides support, training and emp loyment opportunities
to young offenders trapped in a recurring cycle of poverty, crime and imprisonment
o Bsafe Pilot Project (Vic)-an initiative combining a personal alarm system witl1 risk management
strategies to reduce incidents of domestic violence
o Dubbo Tranformation Strategy (NSW)-a project involving the relocation of public housing tenants
in Dubbo to new locations, resulting in reduced crime and truancy in the area
" Project Patch, Kelvin Grove Urban Village (Q id)-this National Police Award category winner fosters police and community cooperation to reduce the incidence of domestic violence and other crimes in this community of approximately 15,000 people.
38 Annual repori 20 10-11
M ay 201 1 w as the bu siest m onth during the year with 256,197 page views. 'violence in sport' the top subject-based referrers with over 1 ,1 00 click-throughs each.
From July 2010 the percentage of traffm from referring sites remained steady at approximately
16 .5 percent, while stakel"lolders and followers who engage more and m ore with the AIC's social networking sites increased traffi c from 2009-10 to:
Th e publications section rem ains the most popu lar part of the AIC's website, follow ed by the criminal justice system , statistics and crime in the commun ity sections.
O ther l
" Face book: 3,352 (up 391 . 5 percen t)
" Tw itt er: 362 (up 402.78 percent)
" Wikipedia: 1 , 520 (up 14 7.15 percent)
" Facts & figures online: 37 percent increase in visits
" Drugs & offending online: 17 percent increase in visits
The top 1 0 sea rch engine keywords remain similar to last year, with 'domest ic violence statistics' and
" Criminology Research Coun cil: 9 percent increase in visits.
H ighlight 11 In-Focus w ebsite page
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rogra111s And perfo11nance 39
Jul1 201 0-Jul 31 201 0 Iii " ..... lliiJ 140,244
Aug 1 201 0-Aug 31 201 0 IJiiiiiiiil " " ili.iili!lililimi!iE;!mt:J 201 ,239
Sep 1 201 0-Sep 30 201 0 196,416
Oct 1 2010-0ct 31 2010 202,822
Nov 1 201 0-Nov 30 201 0 lil " " " " " " "iliiliiilii!gj 156,087
Dec 1 201 0-Dec 31 201 0 " " " " " " "11111 1 02,453
Jan 1 2011-Jan 31 2011 128,114
Feb 1 2011 -Feb 28 201 1 143,948
Mar 1 2011-Mar 31 2011 .................. liil 223 ,981
Apr 1 2011 -Apr 30 2011 223,444
May 1 2011 -May 31 2011 256,197
Jun120 11-Jun3020 11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1~6~~~78~9~~~~~~~~
0 50,000 100 ,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000
Jul1 201 0-Jul 31 201 0 2,851
Aug 1 201 0-Aug 31 201 0 4,144
Sep 1 201 0-Sep 30 201 0 4,875
Oct 1 201 0-0ct 31 2010 4,347
Nov 1 201 0-Nov 30 201 0 2,327
Dec 1 201 0-Dec 31 2010 1,697
Jan 1 20 11 -Jan 31 2011 2,386
Feb 1 2011-Feb 28 2011 3,616
Mar 1 2011-Ma r 31 2011 4,967
Apr 1 2011 -Apr 30 201 1 9,826
May 1 2011 -May 31 201 1 9,523
Jun 1 20 11-Jun 30 201 1 5,652
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10 ,000
40 /l.nnual report 2010-1 I
Jul1 2010-Jul31 2010 159
Aug 1 201 0-Aug 31 201 0 151
Sep 1 201 D-Sep 30 201 0 227
Oct 1 201 0-0ct 31 2010
Nov 1 2010-Nov 30 2010
Dec 1 201Q-Dec 31 2010 122
Jan 1 2011-Jan 31 2011 112
Feb 1 2011-Feb 28 2011
Mar 1 2011-Mar 31 2011
Ap r 1 20 11 -Apr 30 2011 246
May 1 2011-May 31 2011
Jun 1 2011-Jun 30 2011 146
0 50 100 150 200 250
Highlight 12: Internet and social media The AIC showed great foresight in developing its social media platforms two years ago. This has extended the communication and dissemination of crime and criminal justice research and ideas. Soc ial media sites are widely used by criminology students and the broader public and provide a means of alerting subscribers to new AIC products.
Content is what makes this communicat ions strategy successful. Information placed on the website has to be high quality and this is the responsibilit y of the research staff. While the main AIC website has been a repository of criminology research since the 1980s, a combination of HSS alerts, library alerts, Facebook posts, the use of Twitter and Criminology lV has lifted the AIC's profile even further.
Between 2009-10 and 2010-11 there has been a 16 percent increase in webpage views-from 1,848,248 to 2, 140,734 with over a quarter of a million views in May 2011.
The AIC 's Fac ebook page has more than 1000 national and international users and receives between 300 and 500 visits a weel' depend ing on the dissemination of research and reports. Some posts engender lively discussion between Facebook users.
Since its inception Criminology lV, hosted on YouTube, has had 11,608 views and 78 subscribers. There are 72 presentations on Criminology lV with Alan Borowski's 'Evaluating the Children's Koori Court of Victoria' receiving the highest number of views at 813.
The AlC twitter site has 435 followers and is the growth area for social media reach. ScamWatch and South Australia Police re-tweet AIC announcements to their lists. This site also tends to engender media enquiries.
The AIC website has been refreshed with new, linked lntroducto1y ma terial on landing pages and five 'In-Focus' pages outlining l
Programs nnd performance 41
Ubrary services
The AIC's JV Barry Library is a key part of the AIC's
role as a national knowledge centre on crime and
criminal justice. Library seNices are provided to
stakeholders in the sector, including academics,
practitioners and po!icymakers and the general
public, in addition to the fundamental support
provided to AIC researchers, who estimate that they
are 1 0 to 20 percent more productive due to the
specialist information-gathering support they can
access through the library staff's anticipation of
research requirements and the pro-active sourcing
of new and authoritative material.
Services for stakeholders
The library maintains and promo tes a significant
specialist criminology information collection for
the nation.
The library's services which inform the sector
include:
o. maintaining and developing the CINCH database
of Australasian literature on crime and criminal
justice
o providing links to new external information
sources, through the AIC website
e alerting subscribers by RSS feed and email to
developmen ts in their personal ly identified subject
areas of-alcohol and violence, crime prevention, cybercrime, drugs and crime, evaluation, financial ,
crime, hom icide, trafficking in persons, Indigenous
justice, juvenile justice, recidivism and desistance,
serious and organised crime, and victims of crime
" responding to enquiries from an array of law enforcement and justice personnel, researchers, other practit ioners, students and the public on crime and criminal justice matters. Collation of the requests for support by user provides an analysis of sectoral use of the AIC's information advice and support services. The main sources of external
enquiries were:
- law enforcemen t agencies 35%
- Department of Justice 25%
- Community/Public Health 20%
- Universities/students/research 15%
42 Annual r"eport 2010 11
" providing hard copy materials, such as books and journals from its specialist collection, as well as through the national inter-library loan scheme, where the AIC continues to lend considerably more than is borrowed , indicating the value of its collection
" actively participating in collaborative library and
information service networks.
CINCH
CINCH is an invaluable and popular index with almost 60,000 abstracts of Australian lite rature in crime and criminal justice, including material about crime and criminal justice in Australasia-books,
reports, journal articles, websites, conference proceedings and papers-with high-quality subject indexing and abstracts, developed over a period of 35 years.
The online criminology index is part of tl1e suite of Australian databases provided by lnformit and has a steady subscriber base, for which the AIC is paid royalties.
Crime and justice awareness alerts
Contemporary evidence-based information is
disseminated to thousands of practitioners and
policy makers across a range of sectors whose
interests span the crime and justic e sector, via
the crime and justice information service alerts (as
shown in Figure 4). Th is is a free service provided
to subscribers witl1 interest in the sector.
As a result of greater marketing of the service during
the year, there was an increase of 30 percent in the
number of individual subscribers across Australia
and overseas. A new Victims of Crime alert was piloted at the Meeting the N eeds of Victims of Crime
Conference in May , immediately achieving a high
level of interest. There are now over 1 ,800 individ ual
subscribers, many of wl1om distribute the alerts
further through their agencies, such as the Australian
Institute of Police Management (distributes alerts to a
furiher 400 stakeholders and staff), Victoria Police
(I ,369) and South Australian Police (1 ,900).
Networking across the sectors
In 2010-11 over 1 ,000 items w ere sough t from tl1e
AIC 's specialised library from agenc ies in the law
enforcement, university, government, health and
commun ity sectors, via the interlibrary loans service,
m inimising duplication of resources and max imising
effectiveness and specialisat ion of library collections
across the nation.
The library contributes news from Australia and
overseas to the CrimNet email discussion list for
criminal justice researchers, practitioners and
policymakers in Australia. Contributions, including
notice of new A IC pub lications and events,
Indigenous affairs, Australian policy and international
crime prevention are also made to a range of other
e-discussion lists. Further, through the World
Criminal Justice Libraries Ne twork, news of A IC
Parliament 3%
Judicial I Courts 3%
Business 4%
Media 4%
Corrections 5%
events and outputs reaches academic and policy
organisations throughout the wo rld.
The library also maintains a strong relationship
with tile emergency management sector tl1rough
involvement with the Australasian Libraries in the
Emergency Sector group. One of the benefits of
this membership is consortium pricing for external
databases. This enables the A IC to subscribe to a
suite of Ebsco and lnformit services at substantially reduced prices.
The other major network the library belongs to is
the Australian Government Libraries Information
Network. Tile group promo tes the work of libraries
and information services in government and offers
practical assistance througl1 training , reciprocal
document delivery and consortium arrangements
for purchases.
Local government 1%
Police /law enforcement 28%
Attorney-General/Justice 17%
Academic 12%
Programs and performance 43
As well as providing avenues to promote AJC research, membership of these networks enables
the library to seek assistance from colleagues
around the world to meet the needs of external stakeholders and AIC researchers. The AIC also
sends records to Libraries Australia for addition
to the national database. This year records for 3i i
items were contributed. While this is down from a
bumper number of 658 records in 2009-10, it still
represents a 20 percent increase over the average
of previous years.
Stakeholder and public enq uiries
The library is the first point of call for telephone
and emai l enquiries which range from the simple to
requests for literature searching and some analysis,
for examp le:
" Interpol Minsk seeking the Australian experience
of compu lsory in-prison drug treatment
" an update of the research on whistleblowing
for the Victorian Ombudsman
" data on hate crime and racial discrimination
reporting and cases for the Attorney-Generals'
department
" information on Indigenous feuding for the West
Australian Department of Justice.
Over 500 external enquiries were responded to
during the year. A new reference request monitoring module was incorporated Into the library
management system during this year, which
will provide for better reporting and management
of different stakeholder requests.
In January 2011, Janet Smith, who had been Manager of Information Services since June 2003, sadly passed away. Her professional leadership of the AIC's JV Barry library and her innovative development of the AIC's information services was greatly valued.
44 rmu I rep 2010 11
Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse
The AIC is a partner with the NSW Department
of Attorney General and Justice in the Indigenous
Justice C learinghouse (www.indigenousjustice.gov.
au ). The clearinghouse was developed after COAG's
request to ensure that research findings and good
practice in addressing Indigenous crime and justice
issues are communicated to policymakers and
practitioners. Key research is ummarised in a series
of research briefs written for the clearinghouse and a
database of relevant reports and datasets have been
compiled for stakeholder use. The AIC provides all
library support services for the clea ringhouse,
including adding material to the database, hosting
the website, and also advises on research papers
and work programs for the collection. During the
year the A IC participated in a review of the content
and usabiltty of the clearinghouse.
AIC's internatio nal 'reach'
The A IC's dissemination strategy and reputation has
ensured the AIC's research and services are used
around the globe, as is demonstrated in Rgure 5,
which shows countries who use any or all of
the AIC information services.
The JV Barry Library responds to public and general
enqu iries, guiding people to the AIC website,
publications and services such as the CINCH
database wherever possible.
â‘-
~â‘ New Ze aland
This map illustrates lhe intemalional outreach of lhe AtC-where staff have presented where; research requests have eman ated from and locations of
subscribers to alerts. twitter. and Face book.
De liverables and key performance indicators This section summarises the AIC's performance
during the year aga inst the 20i o-1 i Portfolio
Budget Statement's deliverables and key
performance indicators (KPis). It can somet imes
be diHicult to identify and quantify the impact of
research work, particularly in the same year the
research has been undertaken. Genera lly it tal
time for outcomes to become apparent.
Research information is valuable not only for the â‘ particular study it Is derived from but it can often be re-analysed to provide informatilon on diHerent issues or to identify trends in crime or criminal justice.
Monitoring trends requires a ma jor long-term investment both from those involved in collect ing
the data and those who ana lyse and interpret the data so it can be translated to contribute to both practice and policy developmen t.
The AIC assesses client satisfaction at the end of each commiss ioned project and monitors public and media interest in its work. References in tl1e media, â‘literature and parliament to the A IC 's work and
publications are noted and a watching brief is kept on leg islative reforms. It can, l1owever. be difficult to discern if legislative change is the direct result of research; more often it is a comb ination of several influences including relevant research.
De/iverables Undertaking impartial and policy-re levant research of the highest standard on crime and criminal justice
The relevance and quality of the AIC's research is demonstrated in several ways including:
" the use of data from monitoring programs
o references to AIC research in parliamentary
proceedings and inquiries and authoritative professional journals
o the use of findings to improve policy and
procedures
" external peer review.
During 2010-1 i. the latest reports from ongoing
monitoring programs continued to be used by
government at all levels to inform reporting on the
Programs and per fonnance 45
crime and justice sector and by state and territory
agancies wh en developing and imp lementing
programs , allocati ng funds and Identifyi ng trends
across jurisdictions. Australian and international agencies rely on the AIC's monitoring of people
traffick ing for evidence on the nature of this crime
and its trends.
The annua l Fraud against the Commonwealth on line
survey provides important information on trends in fraud across all agenc ies.
Various Productivity Commission and COAG reports,
such as the Report on Governm en t Services 2011, have recognised the AIC's m onitoring of deaths in
custody as the most reliable Indigenous-specific
dataset on equity and effectiveness in the crim inal justice system .
The Produ ctivity Commission uses various AIC datasets in several of its key reports, for exampl e, the Report on Government Services and the Overcom ing Indigenous Disadvantage series. The Commonwealth Grants Commission uses various AIC datasets in its considerations about the allocation of funding to states and territori es. COAG and The Attorney-General's Department have used data for funding purposes and in Indigenous programs to measure progress in implementation of the Closing the Gap in Indigenous Disadvantage national strategy.
Tllis year, several parliamentary reports mad e considerable use of material from AIC submissions and evidence, notably the House of Representatives inquiries into Australian Parliament's Joint Select Committee on Cyber-Safety, 201 1, High-Wire Act:
Cyber-Safety and the Young and the landmarl< Doing Time Time for Doing - Indigenous youtl? in the
criminal justice system repo1t of the Aus tralian Parliament's House of Representatives Standing
Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs 20 11
Publications from the Trafficking In Pe rsons continued to be used by authorit ies investigating the crime of traffic king.
The AIC comple ted a consultancy with the Victorian Parliamentary Drt1gs and Crime Prevention Committee exam ining alcohol related assau lts In the Melbourne CBD.
46 Annunl " â‘pntl2010 -11
The AIC undertook a consultancy with the Victorian Parliamentary Drugs and C rime Prevention
Comm itt ee to conduct a longitudinal birth cohort study of Victorian youth, examining contact w ith the criminal justice system and identifying implications for interventions with high-volume young offenders.
As a further indicator of the quality of AIC research,
all Trends and Issues papers and Research Public Policy series reports are double-blind peer reviewed. This is the highest level of peer review for academ ic publicat ion. Rnally, all monitoring reports are cleared
by contributing agencies before publicat ion.
Working cooperatively with the Attorney " General's Department and portfolio agencies in its role as the Australian Government's national research centre on crime and justice
During the year, particular mention was made of the
A IC's preliminary investigat ion into the victimisa tion
of international students. Other projects undertaken for the department included reaearch and
publication of Co mmunity night patrols in the
Northern Territory: Toward an improved performance
and reporting framework . The A IC also drafted
a National Crime Prevention Framework for the
Australia and N ew Zea land Crime Prevention Sen ior
Officers' Group. The AIC continued to work with the
department bedding down the new Commonwealth Fraud Control Gu idelines, and the implementation
of an AIC research coordination role across the portfolio.
The A IC and 1he Australian Crime Comm ission
formed a partnership to exchange know ledge
and skills as a first step in establishing a research
partnership for applied research on serious
organised crime in Australia
The AIC hosted the first international conference
on serious and organised crime in M elbourne from 18-19 O ctober 2010.
The study of Data from DUM A contributes to
Australian Customs and Border Control activit ies
to restrict imports of illicit drugs.
Indirectly, assistance given to Australian professional
associations on the risks they face from money
laundering and the financing of terrorism and to
the Australian Taxation Office on alternative criminal
justice approaches to dealing w ith revenue fraud and
non -compl iance will help to strengthen the federal
law responses to these offences.
Actively disseminating research findings to policymakers, practitioners and the general pub lic across Australia and internationally in a timely manner
Apart from advice and reports to comm issioning
agencies, the Institute actively disseminated the
findings of its research (and other research where
appropriate) throughout Australia and internationally
as follows:
" 31 peer reveiwed research reports and papers;
" 18 other publications;
" six Monitoring reports;
" Australian crime : Facts and figures;
Key performance indicators
" 13 specific purpose reports to agencies;
" Three conferences;
" 1 0 Occasional Seminars
" 1 0 roundtables;
o 25 media releases;
" 209 media requests for infromation
" 81 media interviews;
" submissions or evidence to eight inquiries;
" 77 papers presented at conferences
" 1 ,000+ interlibrary loans
" 1 ,800 crime awarness alert subscriptions
" 311 records added to Libraries Australia
o notification of publications, events and news to
Australian Policy On line, the national criminology
research listserv, Crimnet and the World Criminal
Justice Libraries Network, among others.
1 00% of Trends & Issues papers and Research and Public Policy papers are peer-reviewed. This ensures the quality of the research outputs by the AIC
Met- All 31 T&ls and RPPs were peer reviewed
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Volume of research and its appropriateness as determined by t11e Board
Attorney-General's Department and key stakeholders are satisfied with the AIC's responsiveness to requests for assistance in priority areas
Research activities under the national research priorities are reported in the
annual report
Quan tity of publications. roundtables and conferences as agreed by the
Minister
All pub lications are placed on the AIC 's website within 24 hours of release and 90 percent of routine alerting to subscribers and listservs complete within
two days of publication release
Implementation of Gov 2.0 measures
Met
Met- For example , the AIC's proposal to develop innovative research in response to concerns
regarding the victimisa tion of irlternational students
Met
Met- 34% increase in peer-reviewed pape rs, 6
annual monitoring reports, 50+ other publications,
20 roundtables and other forums
Met
Met-social media, data online and we b enhancemen t
Programs and performance 47
l
-f.
Governance and management accountability External review
The AIC did not come under external review in
2010 -11.
Director
Dr Adam Tomison , Director, Australian Institute of Criminology
Board of Management
Professor Richard Fox AM {Chair), Faculty of
Law, Monash University, Victoria
Mr John Lawler APM , Chief Executive, Australian Crime Commission
Mr lain Anderson , First Assistant Secretary,
Criminal Justice Division, Australian Government Attorney-General's Departmen t
Ms Penny Army!age , Secretary,
Department ot Justice, Victoria
Ms Ingrid Haythorpe, Exec utive Director,
Policy Planning & Legislation Division.
Attorney-General's Department, South
Australia
Mr Laurie Glanfield AM, Director-General, Department of Attorney Genera l & Justice,
New South Wales
Ms Cheryl Gw illiam. Director General,
Department of the Attorney General, Western Australia
To 30/06/11
To 30/06/11
To 24/03/11
To 24/03/11
Mr Richard Coates, Director, Office of the From 24/03/11
Director of Public Prosecutions, Department of Justice, Northern Territory
Mr Terry Ryan, Acting Deputy Director- From 24/03/11
General, Justice Services, Department of
Justice & Attorney General, Queens land
AIC Board Meetings in 201 0-11
During 201 0-11 AIC Board Meetings were held on
the following dates:
50 Annual report 2010-1 1
" 21 July 2010 in Perth
" 1 1 Nov 2010 in Canberra
o 24 March 2011 in Sydney
The costs of the board members and meetings for
the A IC were very little, as all members other than
the Chairman are public sector employees and
therefore did not require any payment from the AIC .
Audit Committee
The Audit Committ ee was established in March
1999, in accordance with the provision of section 32 of the Commonwealth Authorities and
Companies Act 1997. The comm itt ee's primary role
is to receive internal audit reports on the conduct of
AIC business, undertake reviews in accordance with
the approved audit work plan as approved by the
Board of Management and monitor comp liance with
comm itt ee recommendations and with legislative
and other obligations.
The Audit Committee comprised three members
from the AIC 's Board of Management and/or the
Criminology Research Council's Board of
Management:
" Mr No rma n Reaburn (Chair)
" Ms Ingrid Haythorpe
o Ms Kathy Leigh.
There was also one independent member :
" Mr Kevin Patchell FCPA
The AIC's internal audit provider for 2010-11 was
PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Me etings were held on 15 July 2010, 31 Augus t
2010, 24 March 2011 and 30 June 2011.
The committee considered one internal audit report
on the AIC 's new secretariat contract, 'National Drug
Law Enforcement Fund (ND LERF) auspicing and
secretariat compliance and efficiency review'.
The Audit Comm ittee reviewed its charter and
submitted it for approval by the Board of Management on 21 July 2010 . It also conducted
a review of its performance, in line with Australian Na tional Audit Office better practice guidelines.
AIC Ethics Committee
The AIC Human Research Ethics Committee has
been operating since 1992. It lias eight members
with backgrounds in law, social work and research,
a minister of religion and/or Aboriginal or Torres
Strait Islander elder, as required by the National
Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for
ethics committees. The committee's role is to advise
the D irector whether approval to proceed should be
granted for proposed research involving human
subjects. It regularly reviews proposed projects to
ensure that appropriate safeguards exist for conduct
of the research to be consistent with etllical standards. During this reporting period, the
committee reviewed and approved 13 proposals.
The Chair during the year was Professor Nicolas
Peterson PhD, FASSA. Other members were:
" Ms Robyn Holder PhD candidate, MA
" Dr Tony Krone, PhD (from September 201 O)
" Chaplain Gayl Mills (until August 201 0)
" Ms Barbara Nicholson (from March 2011)
" Professor Debra Rickwood PhD, MAPS
" Mr Doug Taylor BA
" Ms Ruth Treyde BA/LLB
" Mr Steve Vaughn (until August 201 0)
" M r Anthony Morgan BA, GradDipCrim (AIC
representative).
Corpo rate governance Corporate governance practices in the AIC are
designed to ensure compliance with statutory and
other external requirements to achieve best practice
in administrative and financial management. In its
final year of existence the Board of Management.
with the Director, oversaw the establishment of
effective, practical governance processes to meet
the needs of the agency, through the senior
management group.
In addition to core legislative instruments, the
AIC operates through reference to the D irector's
Instructions, to which all policies and procedures
are. subsidiary. Frameworks are C!!So in place for risk .manageme nt and project management. The se have
been developed in accordance with ANAO better
practice guides, in consultation with staff and internal
audit and are available to staff on the intranet.
Senior executive
Th e role of Deputy Director (Corporate} and Chief
Financial Officer (CFO) is held by Mr Tony Marks,
FCPA FFin, FTIA, who assists the D irector in leading
and managing the AIC and works with senior
managers responsible for corporate support, grants,
communication and information outcomes.
The position of Deputy Director (Research) was
announced towards the end of 2010-11. Dr Rick
Brow n will fill this position in July 2011 . He was
previously aUK -based Criminology Consultant
and Research Manager at the UK Home Office.
M anagement committees
The Director was supported during 2010 -11 by
several comm itt ees that advised on the day-to-day
operations of the AIC. The management committees
were restructured during 2010 to provide a
more appropriate representation and responsive
management structure. As at 30 June 2011 the
committees were:
The Senior Management Committee provides
advice on research and management priorities
and issues. Members of the committee are:
" Dr Adam Tomison, Direc-tor
o Tony Marks , Deputy Director (Corporate) and CFO
" Brian Russell, SFO
" Colin Campbell, Communications Manager
o Dr Russell Smith, Principal Criminology and
Researcl1 Manage r, Global, Economic and
Electronic Crime
" Peter Homel , Research Manager , C rime
Reduction and Review
" Laura Beacroft, Research Manager , C rime
and Populations
" Jason Payne, Research Man ager, Violent
and Serious Crime
o Janine Chandler, Library Manager .
Management and accountability 51
The Information and Communication Techno logy
Committee provides advice to the Deputy Director (Corporate) on strategic d irection and emerging
issues. Members of the committee are:
" Tony Marks , Deputy Director (Corporate) and CFO
" Myles Lambert, ICT Administrator
" Jason Payne, Research Manager, Violent and
Serious Crime
" Colin Campbell, Communications Manager
" Janine Chandler, Library Manager
The Staff Consultative Committee was established
formally as part of tl1e negotiation of the Agency
Agreement 2009 -11 as an acknowledgmen t that
change in the workplace Is constant and to identify,
implement and encourage better practice, effic iency
and productivity. Commit tee members are:
" Laura Beacroft. Research Manager , Crime and Popu lations (Director's representative)
" Tracey Cussen, Research Ana lyst (staff
representative)
" Jacqui Joudo Larson, Senior Research Analyst
(research member)
" Vacant (non-research member).
Financial Managem ent and Accountability Act transition
he Criminology Research Act 1971, the AIC's
enabling legislation. was amended by the Rnancial
Framework Legislation Amendment Act 2010 w ith
effect from 1 July 2011 .
The legislative amendments merged the AIC and the Criminology Research Council (CRC), from two
Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act
1997 agenc ies into a single Financial Management
and Accountability Act 1997 agency. The merged entity will continue under the name 'Australian
Institute of Criminology'.
The AIC was required to revise its outcome
statement to align with the new governance
arrangements. This statement was developed in
consultation with the Department ot Finance and
Administration. The A IC obtained legal advice to
validate that the revised outcome statement would
support a valid appropriation.
52 Annual reporl 2010 11
The new outcome statement as published in
the 2011 -12 Portfolio Budgets Statement is:
Informed crime and justice policy and practice
In Australia by undertaking, funding and
dissem inating policy-relevant research of national
significance ; and through the generation of a
crime and justice evidence base and national
knowledge centre.
In addition to these changes, section 23 of the
Criminology Research Act 1971 was amended
such that staff of the AIC are now employed under
the Public Service Act 1999, excep t in certain
circumstances whe re employment is provided
under the Criminology Research Act.
The transition to the Financial Management
Act governance arrangem ents was completed
successfully by 1 July 2011, with a concerted effort
on the part of the AIC corporate team, in
consultation with the Attorney-General's Department
and the Department of Finance. The AIC was not
provided with any additional funding to undertake
the transitional work, which included:
" developmen t and legal confirmation of the new
outcome statement
" the creation of the 'Criminology Research Special account'
" establishment in the central budget management
system of the new single agency
" changes to banking arrangements
" changes to financial systems structure and
reporting
" establishment of the new Criminology Resea rch
Advisory Council
" a review and update of tl1e Chief Executive
(Director's) Instructions
" a review of procurem ent policy and cost recovery
guideli nes
" a review and update of other AIC policies
" the transition to the Public Service Ac t
" web accessibility comp liance
" FMA compliant Intellectual Property framewo rk
" a review of existing contracts
" an assessment of a host of additional reporting
obligations.
Arrangements were also made for a determination
from the Pub lic Service Commiss ioner to trans fer
staff to engagement under the Public Service Act.
R isk management
The AIC's risk management framewo rl< provides the mechanism to prevent, or at least minimise, the impact of adverse events on the achievement of the AIC's outcome. The framework provides a systematic way to make informed decisions and ensure that risks have been recognised and managed.
The primary components of the AIC's risk management framework are:
o risk management policy and framework
" risk control register
o business continuity plan
a Director's Instructions - reflecting best practice
in finance and administration
o finance policy and procedures
o research project management framework
o an annually reviewed audit program
The AIC also participates in the annual Comcover risl< survey that benchmarks agencies' risk management frameworks, programs and systems against all participating agencies and peer group agenc ies. The AIC recorded above average ratings in the 2010-11 survey.
As required by the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines, the Director certif ies that he is confident that:
" fraud risk assessments and fraud control plans have been prepared that comply with the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines
" appropriate fraud prevention, detection, investigation and reporting procedures and processes are in place
" annual fraud data that complies w ith the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines
has been collected and reported.
Human resources
Workforce planning and administration
The executive management of the AIC continually _reviews its workforce requirements. Staff are
employed according to requirements arising from
requests for research and support activities. The A IC also takes account of outsourcing opportunities in the university research and corporate sectors.
Flexibility in staffing arrangements is essential to the AIC so that research outputs can be met through a collaborative approach and suitable appointments. This includes engaging leading national and international research organisations and individuals.
The A IC values fairness, equity and diversity . Consistent with that aim, there is a comm itment to preventing and eliminating discrimination on the basis of race, colour, gender, sexual preference, age, physical or mental disability , marital status, family responsibiliti es, pregnancy, religion, political opinion,
national extraction orâ‘ socioeconomic circumstances.
Emp loyment framework
With the exception of the Director and one senior manager who rema ins covered by an Australian Workplace Agreement, all staff at the AIC are now covered by the Employee Co llective Agreement 2009-11 .
Agency Bargaining 20i i -14
Agency bargaining is underway for an agreement to replace the current one wh ich expires on 20 June 2011. On 30 June 2011 the staff bargaining team and the CPSU provided 'in-principle' agreement to the AIC's offer of 3 percent per annum, and other
model clauses as set out in the Australian Public Service Commission's bargaining framework for FMA agencies (although the AIC was not at this time subject to those requirements).
Move to emp loyment under the Public Service Act
As part of legislative amendments to the Criminology
Research Ac t the AIC's staff became subject to the
Public Service Act from 1 July 2011. In preparation
for this change, as well as to provide effective career
structures, the AIC again reviewed its work level
standards and position classif ications .
It was resolved that the current Research Analyst/
Senior Admin Officer classification be split into two
classifications, those of Research Analyst/Senior
Admin Officer i and Senior Research Analyst/Senior
Admin Officer 2. This will provide a better career
pathway for mid-level staff.
Mana~Jemenl and Accountabilily 53
>
2
1\)
c
I
Trainee $36,50G-41.700
Level A: Research officer/Admin officer $46,80G-49,000 4 7 11 11
Level B: Research officer/ Admin officer $50,500-61 ,000 3 5 8 8
Level C: Research ana lyst/Senior admin officer 15 15 15 3
$62,500-78,100
level D: Senior research analyst/ Admin specialist 3 7 10 10 7
$80,200-96,300
Level E: Research Manager/Specialist/Admin executive 6 7 7 4
$98,900-135,300
Senior executive officer >$135,000
Total 17 35 52 51 14
AIC Trainee Trainee $36,500 $41,700 Trainee Trainee
AIC Level A Research Officer/ Admin Assistant $44,800 $49,500 Adm in Assistant APS 2
(With relevant qualification) $46,800 $49 ,500 Research Officer I/ Admin Officer I APS3
~ ---------------------- - ---------------- ----------- ---------------------- ---
i\!C Level B Research Officer/Admin Officer $50,500 $61,000 Research Officer IV Admin Officer II APS4
AIC Level C Research Analyst/Senior Admin Officer $62,500 $78,100 Research AnalysVSenior Admin Officer I APSS
Senior Research Analyst/Senior Admin Officer II APS6
~ --------- ---- --------- ---------------------- ------------- ------ ----------~
AIC Level 0 Senior Resea rch Analyst/Adm in Specialist $80,200 $96,300 Principal Research Analyst! Admin Specialist Ell
AIC Level E Research Manager/Specialist I Admin Executive $98,900 $135,300 Research Manager/Admin Executive EL2
-.-................ -- - Current soft barrier
- ew soft barrier
Note: Where current salary for existing employees at the AIC Level E classitication is above the revised 'range to', flexibility clauses wlll be used to ensure that there is no loss to current entitlements.
11
8 7
12 14
3 7 3
3 7
38 47 5
$36,500 $41,700
$44 ,800 $49 ,500
$49 ,600 $54,000
- -
$55,000 $61,000
$62,500 $69,000 -$70,000 $80,000
$82,500 $96,300
$98,900 $125.000
Work level standards have been eveloped for all proposed AIC roles that align with Australian Public Service position classifications, a requ irement under the Public Service Act.
Tile current staffing sum mary Is show n in Ta ble 2. As of 1 July 2011, the classif ication structure will
be as shown in Tab le 3.
Performa nce Developm ent Scheme
The AIC's perfom1ance and deve lopment scheme helps managers and emp loyees m al
for all staff. The scheme emphas ises continuous assessment and improvement with a strong focus on improveme nts in productivity. The schem e promotes fairness through clearly defining expectations aligned w ith corporate goals. It includes:
" transparent appraisal outcomes for all staff
" individual training and developm ent plans
" use of review processes at six-monthly cycles
" use of structured underperformance provisions and strategies.
Learning and development
The AIC has a highly educated wo rkforce w ith specialist and generalist skills. Of the 51 staff employed at 30 June 2011, 36 percent had undergradua te qualifications (22% of those w ith honours), 32 percent had postgraduate qualifications and a further 22 percent had doctorates. A further
12 percent of staff have specialist qualifica tion s, .such as Microsoft certifi ed systems engineer (2% ), or add itional professional qualifications , sucl1 as CPA or solicitor practising certificates (1 0% ) Eighteen
percent of staff are currently undertaking study towards a higher-level award, with the ongoing support of the AIC. The AIC recognises that staff involvement in these activit ies will contribute to the achievement of its goals.
The AIC Is also com mitted to specialist t raining for em ployees . All emp loyees have the chance to take
part in relevant activit ies that have. a clear conn ection with AIC work and will assist with ongoing career
deve lopmen t. This support may include on and off the job training, work placements, staff presentations at national and international conferences, formal study and reimbursement or payment for these activiti es. The AIC also takes ad van tage of training days and briefing sessions offered by ot11er governmen t departments and agenc ies such as Comcover, National Archives Aus tralia and
the Australian Government Solicitor .
ln add ition, staff are trained internally by senior staff on a range of applications, processes and met hodologies and statistics courses. The AIC 's com m unications staff continued to develop the med ia capabilities of research staff by conducting In-house training sessions during the year and will conduct further seminars involving practical examples and mock media interviews to improve skills lor communicating the AIC 's research. The AIC also arranged the mento ring of some staff by leading academics or key business personnel.
Th e AIC is refining and developing its induction program to emphas ise the importance of supporting and displaying the AIC's values. The induction training program provides new staff with an un erstanding of governance, research methodologies and publication processes.
Workplace support
N on-salary benefits provided to staff in 2010-11 reinforced the AIC 's position as an emp loyer of choice and included:
" flexible working arrangements, which exclude the notion of core hours
" Influenza immunisation for staff
" emp loyee assistance services including counse lling
" OH&S training
" the opportunity for staff to present lheir work at external con ferences and events
" an in-house program of training in research methods, statistics and criminological theory.
2011 Internship Program - January 2011
App lications w ere invit ed for the annu al four-week research internships from undergraduate and postgraduate students entering their final year in
Manag ~m nt md " co 1ntabitity 55
Austra lia Da y Ac hievem ent Aw ard M edallions 20 11
Anthony Morgan
Anthony has demonstrated
leadership, perseverance, good
comradeship and innovation in his
work at the AIC. His project
management, research analyses
and publications have been of a
consistently higli standard. Anthony
also made an important contribution
to the ongoing enhancement of the
A IC's professional capacity through
setting up mode! processes for
submitting research and evaluation
tenders, as well as helping others to
develop skill s in tl1e process. Similarly, he played a crucial role in the development and delivery of the
Eva luation Workshops for Research staff, helping to set up a model for similar training workshops in the
coming years.
Michae l Ofei
Michael joined the AIC in November 2009 as a Trainee Accountant from the private sector. In a relatively
short time, Michael developed new and efficient accounts/receivable processes that not only provided
better efficiency for the A IC, but also significant costs savings. Michael combined study and work at the
A IC with great competency and professionalism, working to complete a Bachelor of Commerce at the University of Canberra.
2011 , or students who had completed their studies in 2010. Students in criminology or criminal justice in an Australian university were eligible as were students in law or social science whose subjects included criminological themes. One of the internships was designated as an Indigenous placement but operated in the same way as all other internsl1ips. The internships were highly competitive, attracting over 70 applications, from wh ich the AIC granted five internships for 2011 .
Staff communication
The AIC blog provides an online information-sharing facility, making better use of the AIC's intranet facilities and providing a faster, easier and more efficient method of internal comm unication than the previous bimonthly staff news letter. It allows news posts from the Director or any of the work areas to be made at any time to all staff.
56 1\nnual report 2010-11
The intranet is the A IC 's main know ledge sharing
and development vehicle. It links to information in
the public domain in the library catalogue and the
external databases to which the library subscribes.
It encourages researchers to build on previous AIC
research by providing access to research projects,
datasets and presentations.
The A!C acquires or creates datasets for many of its research projects. These are all captured and made
ava ilable to AIC staff through the intranet, using the
library database as an interface. The data collected
can be used to deliver other client data services where appropriate and will be used for further
analysis in future research projects. Fou r new
datasets were added to the database during
the year, making a total of 135 datasets.
Payroll
The AIC has continued its outsourcing of payroll function to minimise corporate overhead.
Strategic finance activity
The AIC has adopted the provision of shared services where appropriate, through several means:
" providing services to other a encies
" outsourcing selected support services, such as payroll and ICT backup support
" use of multi-agency, or whole-of government procurement contracts.
After a successful tender bid, the AIC commenced providing secretariat and auspicing services for the Department of Health and Ageing and the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF) Board from 1 July 201 0 for a four-year period.
Th is service meets the strategic research affiliation needs of t11e AIC, as well as reducing the unit cost of grants administration .
Auspicing services will include providing a secretariat for NDLERF and managing the N DLERF webs ite and publications process through funding of $1 .91 million in 201 Q-11 and $0.84 million in another three years.
The AIC has also negotiated to take on secretariat services for the Australian and New Zea land Soc iety of Criminology from 2011 -I 2, which includes management of its website and annual conference.
The AIC continued to manage nd update the Indigenous Justice Clearingho se website in partnership with the NSW Department of Attorney General and Justice.
â‘ The AIC has reduced travel expenditure by around 30 percent as a result of adop tion of the Department of Finance centralised travel arrangements. In addition, office services, office mact1ines, ICT procurement, legal services and electricity contracts of other agencies are used
to achieve better value for money and minimise admin istrative overhead in managing procurement. As contracts for services expire, it is standard AIC practice to test the availability and pricing of similar
services through contracts or panel arrangements in place in the Attorney-Gen rat's Department and the Department of Finance.
Financial performance
The overall result for 201 Q-11 was an operating surplus of $133,149 (2009-1 0: $6,439) against a budgeted surplus of $200,000 in the 2011-12 Portfolio Budget Statements.
Operating revenue
The total operating revenue was $9,024,256 (2009-10: $9,167,214) and consisted of the
following:
" government appropriations of $6,770,000
" sale of goods and rendering or services of $1,959,678
" interest of $237,748
" otl1er revenue of $56,830.
Reven ue from government approp riations decreased by a net amount of $484,000 from 2009-10, reflecting the impact of a whole-of-government departmental efficiency measure of $500,000 in addition to the ongoing 1.25 percent efficiency dividend, offset partially by increases resulting from changes in prices and wages indices. The AIC's budget for 2011-12 has been reduced by a further $1,000,000 as a result of the abo ve measure, in addition to a reduction of $862,000 as a result of the
termination of the Anti-Money Laundering/Counter " Terrorism Rnancing measure.
Own -source revenues have increased by $341 , 187 from 2009-1 0 reflect ing an increase in secretariat services provided by the AIC, along with additional res arch services provided on a contracted
fee-for-service basis for agencies across the sector.
Operating expenditure
The total operating expense was $8,891 , 107 (2009-1 0: $9,160, 775) and consisted of the
following:
" employee costs of $5,137,690
" supp lier expenses of $3.416,045
Managern nt and a c llntability 57
grants expenses of $224,689
o depreciation and amortisation of $1 12,683.
Expenditure was generally less than in 2009-1 0
resulting from the reduced funding position of
the AIC as a result of the ~hole-of - government
departmental efficiency measure. However,
additional own-source revenues for secretariat
Functions have seen a related increase in grant
expenditure up $181,689 on 2009-10.
The A IC actively sought to reduce staff numbers
in the second half of 2010-11 to ensure they were
appropriate to the reduced funding position in
2011-12. This included one staff redundancy,
termination of some fixed-term contracts and
not replacing some vacated positions.
Balance sheet
Net asset position
The net asset position at 30 June 2011
was $1 ,900,147 (2009-1 0: $1,766,998).
Total assets
Total assets at 30 June 2011 were $6,287,365
(2009-1 0: $3,923,200). The increase in assets
resulted primarily from an increase in casl1 holdings
under the AlC's secretariat contracts. The majority
of these cash holdings are committed in the forward
years.
Total liabilities
Total liabilities at 30 June 2011 were $4,387 ,218
(2009-1 0: $2, 156,202). The difference is mainly
due to an increase in the level of unearned revenue
through the AIC 's secretariat contracts.
HBA Consulting
ANAO
Total
Work level standards review
External audit
Consultancy services
Consultants are generally engaged when particular
specialist expertise is necessary, sufficiently skilled
expertise is not immediately available in-house, or
independent advice on an issue is required.
The services provided by new and continuing
consultants in the reporting period included internal
and external audit services, legal advice on the AIC 's
change in governance arrangements, contractual
and human resource matters.
During 2010-11, only two new consultancy
contracts (one being less than $1 0,000) were
entered into, involving total actual expenditure of
$44,500. In addition, three ongoing consultancies
were active during the year, involving a total actual
expenditure of $1 09,793. Expenditure for the year
totall ed $154,293 (2009-10: $240 ,578).
Legal Expenditure
The AIC incurs legal expenditure when particular
specialist expertise is necessary or independen t
advice on an issue is required. Total expenditure
on legal services for 2010-11 was $118,469.45
(inclusive of GST) . Some of this expenditure is
included in the consultancy services reported above.
The services provided included legal advice
and writing on the AIC's change in governance
arrangements, contractual and human resource
matters.
Purchasing
The AIC has developed internal policies and
procedures for purchasing goods and services.
These are included in the Director's Instructions
$5,750
$38,750
$123
Direct source
Self appointed
A
A
a: justification for decision to use consultancy- A: Need for independ ent research or assessm ent; B: Need for specialised or professional skills ; C: Skills
currently unavailable within agency.
58 Annual rep011 201 0-11
and are in accordance with the Commonwea lth
Procurement Guidelines and ministerial approvals
required under the AIC enabling legislation .
ICT services Strategic Plan
PricewaterhouseCoopers conducted a review of the
AIC 's ICT Strategic Plan. This review was to update
the strategic plan and to assess the current ICT
environment and oppo1tunities to develop and
improve this. The review highlighted the following
three strategic phases to be conducted over the
next three years:
" improving IT pertormance and reliability
o improving management of information
" improving dissemination across channels.
The review was endorsed in November 2010 and
the AIC began implementing the plan immediately.
Network and infrastructure
The AIC's ICT network was independently assessed
so it could meet Defence Signal's D irectorate
requirements to be cleared for a classification
of 'protected' . A full report was received and the
network was approved at the 'protected' level.
This new ce1iification will allow more secure and
convenient communication with other government
departments including a request from the Attorney "
General's Department to allow for email transmission
of cabinet-in-confidence correspondence.
The 'in-sourcing' of Fedlink (the federal government's
secure network) was initially delayed due to
configuration changes which were required by
Verison (the Fedlink authorised service provider)
but after initial testing identifying some minor issues this was completed in November, delivering the
anticipated cost savings for 201 0-11 .
The AIC's video conferencing capabilities have also
been enhanced. Full video conferencing is now
available for newe r ISP (internet) and older ISDN
(phone) connections. There are now high-resolution
cameras in several conference rooms and for off-site
staff.
Web services
Crirnestoppers Australia relocated all of its sites
to AIC servers. T he AIC will also host other sites
expected to be developed by C rimestoppers in
2011-12. The NDLERF website was transferred to the AIC for hosting as part of its secretariat and
auspicing services.
Search engine
Work commenced to improve the function of the
A IC's web search engines with the testing and
purcl1ase of a Google site search. The function was
updated on the AIC's rnain website and ancillary
websites.
Web accessibility
In theâ‘ AIC transition to FMA requirements, the
websites were tested and upgraded to improve
accessibility. From 1 July 2011 publications were
released in accordance with the FMA national
transition strategy guidelines for web content
accessibility version 2.0.
Management and accountability 59
Appendix 1 A C pub ica ions
395 Unexplained wealth laws In Australia, Lorana Bartels, July 20 10
396 (Mis)perceptions of crime in Australia, Brent Davis & Kym Dossetor, July 201 0
397 Cashin transit armed robbery in Australia, Lance Smith & Erin Louis, July 20 1 0
398 Police-referred restorative justice for juveniles in Australia, Kelly Richards, August 2010
399 Computer security incidents against Australian businesses: Predictors of victimisaUon, Kelly Richards & Brent Davis, September 201 o
400 Cloud computing: Challenges and future directions , Kim-Kwang Raymond Chao , October 2010
401 Migration and people trafficking in South-East Asia, Jacqueline Joudo Larsen, November 2010
402 The Illegal movement of cash and bearer negotiable instruments: Typologies and regulatory responses, Russell G Smith & John Wa lker, October 201 0
403 Onlfne Interactions involving suspected paedophiles who engage male children, Angelique Grosskopf, December 2010
404 Integrated responses to domestic violence: Legally mal1dated intervention programs for male perpetrators. Andrew Day, Donna Chung , Patrick O'Leary, Donna Justo, Susan Moore . Ed Carson & Adam Gerace, December 2010
405 Non-disclosure of violence in Australian Indigenous communities, Matthew Willis, January 2011
406 Measuring t11e effectiveness of drug law enforcement, Katie Wi llis, Jessica Anderson & Peter Hame l, February 2011
407 Public judgment on sentencing: Final results from the Tasmanian Jury Sentencing Study, Kate Warner, Julia Davis, Maggie Walter, Rebecca Bradlleld & Rachel Vermey, February 2011
408 Cyber threat landscape faced by financial and insurance industry, Kim-Kwang Raymond Chao, February 2011
409 What makes juvenile offenders different from adu/1 offenders?, Kelly Richards, February 2011
410 Antisocial behaviour: An examinallon of individual, ramify, and neighboorhood factors, Tara Renae McGee, Rebecca Wickes , Jonathan Corcoran, William Bor & Jake Najman, February 2011
412 Prison-based correcUonal rehabilitation: An overview of intensive interventions for moderate to high-risk offenders, Karen Hesel\ine, Rick Sarre & Andrew Day , May 2011
413 Fraud in the 'ootback ': Capable guardianship in preventing financial crime in regional and remote communities, Russell G Smith & Penny Jorna, June 2011
414 Crime families: Gender and l/1e intergenerational transfer of crimina/tendencies, Vanessa Goodwin & Brent Dav is, May 2011
415 The trafficking of chNdren in the Asia-Pacific , Jacqueline Joudo Larsen, April 2011
416 Trends in juvenile detention In Australia, Kelly Richards, May 2011
417 l
_418 Detecting and preventing welfare fraud, Tim Prenzler, June 2011
419 Children's exposure to domesuc violence in Austrafla, Kelly Richards, June 2011
421 Welfare fraud in Australia: Dimensions and issues, li m Prenzler, June 2011
62 Annual r po1 t 201 0-11
1 07 Indigenous women's offending patterns: A literature review, Lorana Bartels, July 201 0
1 08 Labour trafficking, Fiona David, Nov ember 2010
1 09 Environmental crime in Australia, Samantha Bricknell, October 2010
11 0 Communi/y safety in Australian Indigenous communities: Service providers' perceptions, Matthew Willis, October 2010
111 Communily policing in Australia, Judy Putt (ed), January 2011
11 2 Prison-based correctionaf offender rehabilitation programs: n1e 2009 national picture in Australia, Karen Haseltine.
Andrew Day, Rick Sarre, May 2011
http://www.aic.gov.au/pub licationslcurrent%20series/mr.aspx
â‘N~mber Title . - . - --l
1 0 Deaths in custody in Australia: National Deaths in Custody Program 2008, Mathew Lyneham, JacQueline Joudo Larsen & Laura Beacroft. December 2010
11 Armed robbery in Australia: 2007 National Armed Robbery Monitoring Program annual report, Lance Smith & Erin Louis,
July 2010
12 Juveniles in detention In Austrafla, 1981-2008, Kelly Richards & M athew Lyne ham, December 2010
13 Homicide in Australia: 2001-08 National Homicide Monitonilg Program annual report, Marie Vlrueda & Jason Payne, December 201 0
14 Fraud against the Commonwealth 2008-09 annual report to government Jade Undley & Russ ell G Smi th, April 2011
15 Armed robbery in Australia: 2008 National Armed Robbery Monitoring Program annual report, Lance Smith, Kym Dossetor & Ma ria Borzycki, June 2011
- " -- I' -- . ..,. - - - .- ':j
I )
39 Evafua.tion of the Queensland Murri Court: Final report, Anthony Morgan & Erin Louis, October 201 0
40 A model performance framework for communi/y based crime prevention, Anthony Morgan & Peter Home! , February 2011
41 Good practice in women's prisons: A literature review, Or Lorana Bartels &Antonette Gafrney, February 2011
42 Cost-benefit analysis and its application to crime prevention and criminal justice research, Kym Dosse tor, March 2011
. 43 Consumer fraud in Australasia: Results of the Austral asian Co nsumer Fraud Taskforce online Australfa surveys 2008 and 2009, Carolyn Budd & Jessica Anderson. March 2011
44 Measuring juvenffe recidivism in Australia, Ke lly Richards, May 20 11
45 'Knife crime' in Australia: Incidence, aetiology and responses, Dr Lorana Bartels, May 2011
Appendixes 63
--------- -----~---- - - -~~-~]
Research in Practice " - - ~- - "! " " - - -
13 Diversion programs for Indigenous women, Dr Loran a Bartels, Decem ber 201 0
14 Afcohol and asSc'lult on Friday and Saturday nigl1/s, Jos11 Sweeney & Jason Payne, May 2011
15 Afcohol and disorderly conduct on Friday and Saturday nights, Josh Sweeney & Jason Payne, May 201 1
16 Patterns of mephedrone, GHB. Ketamine and Rohypnol use among police detainees, Alex Nes s & Jason Payne, May 2011
17 Victimisalion and fear of crime among a sample of pollee detainees, Josh Sweeney & Jason Payne, June 2011
18 Crime prevention programs for culturally and linguislicafly diverse communities in Austra/fa, Dr Lorana Bartels, June 20i 1
1 9 Strategies for preventing scrap metal theft, Hayley Boxall, June 2011
20 Court-based mental health diversion programs , Hayley Boxall, June 2011
Other AIC publi~ations _ - ~ -- _ :- _ _ __ ]
Australian crime: Facts & Rgures 2010
Briel: newsletter of the Australian Institute of Criminology
No. 5 August 201 0
No. 6 December 201 0
No. 7 Ap ril 2011
Bartels L & Gaffney A 201 0. A literature review on good practice in women's prisons. Consultancy report submitted to Corrections VIctoria
Seacraft L. Richards K, Westropp-Evans H & Rosevear L 2011 . Community night patrols in tile Northern Territory: Towards a performance
and reporting framework. Canberra: AlC (confidential report to AGO)
David F & Gallagher A 201 0. Human trafficking for labour exploitation : Cl1allenges and opportunities for the Commonwealth and its
member states. Paper prepared at request of AGO for Commonweal1h Senior Officials of Law Ministries Meeting, London, 18-20 October
Joudo Larsen J 2010. Inter-country adoption and trafficking risks. Report to the Attorney-General's Department (unpublished)
Richards K 2011. Measuring juvenile recidivism in Australia. Report to AJJA
Willis M & Rosevear L 2011. Eva luation of the Australian Classification Education Program : Evaluation framework, Report to Northern
Territory Department of Justice
Willis M & Rosevear L Beacroft L 2011. Review of the Nort.flem Territory Commun;ty Safely Planning program. Consultancy report to the Department of Justice, Northern Territory Government. Canberra: AJC
Willis M & Rosevear L. Development of a community safety survey tool for use by FaHCSIA in NortiJern Territory remote fndigenous communities. Consultancy report submitted to FaHCS IA in Octobe r 201 0
Willis M 201 0. Tllroug/1care programs for Indigenous offenders. Literature review for Australian Hea lt11care Associates to support their
contracted evaluation work for AGD (fee for service}.
A range of con fidential reports for departments, agenc ies and criminal justice organisations.
64 Annual rep01 t 20 I 0-1 t
Appendix 2: Non-A C pub ications
Bartels L 2010.
Bartels L 2011 .
Bartels L 2011.
Bartels L & Richards K (eds} 2011 .
Bartels L & Richards K 2011
Bea le J & Jones W 2011.
Broadl1urst R & Clloo K-K R 2011.
Carozza 0 201 0.
Chao K-K R 2011.
Gannoni A 2011 .
Hamel P 201 0.
Putt J & Lindley J 2011 .
Richards K 2011 .
Richards K, Rosevear L & Gilbert R
2011 .
Smith RG 2010.
Smith RG 2011 .
Smith RG 2010.
Sm !th RG 2011 .
An examination of the argume nts for and against the use of suspended sentences. Flinders Law
Journa/12: 119-173
Domest ic violence: A research agenda . In Lee M, Mason G & Milivojevic (eds}. The Australian and
New Zealand Critical Criminology Conference 2010, proceedings. Sydney : University of Sydney
Prisons, Injecting drug use and blood-borne viruses: Continuing challenges. HIV Australia 9(1 }: 16-17,41
Qualitative criminology: Stories from t11e field. Sydney: Hawk ins Press
The story behind the stories: Qualitative criminology research in Australia. In Bartels L & Richards K (eds) Qualftative criminology: Stories from the field. Sydney: Hawkins Press
Preventing and reducing bushfire arson in Australia: A review of what is known. Fire Teclmology 47(2): 507-518
Cybercrime and on-line safety in cyberspace in Smith CJ , Zhang SX & Barberet R (eels}, Routledge
handbook of criminology: Ar1 international perspective. New York: Taylor & Francis: 153-65 (released 23-5-11.)
Fraud down under: An interview with Australian criminologist Russell G Smith, PI1D, Fraud
Magazine, 24(6): 36-40, 50-3 (released 15-11-1 0)
Cloud comput ing risks. Information Age Jan-Feb: 48-51 {released 11-1-11}
Guidance points to assist police in improving collaboration and partnership-building for more
effective cannabis enforcement. Research into Practice Brief no. 5. Sydney : National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre
Delivering effective local crime prevention: Wily understanding variations in municipal governance
arrangements matters, in ldriss, M et al (eds) 2010 International report on crime prevention and community safety: Trends and prospects. Montreal: International Centre for the Prevention of Crime: 118-119
Australia: The state of criminology, in Smith CJ, Zhang SX & Barberet R (eds), Routledge IJandbook of criminology: An intemational perspecUve. New York: Taylor & Francis: 302-12 (released 23-5-11)
Nip family crime links in the bud. The Canberra Times 9 February: 19
Prom ising interventions for reducing Indigenous juvenile offending. Indigenous Justice
Cfearingl1ouse Brief no. 10. Sydney: NSW Department of Justice and Attorney General
Organised identity theft in a global perspective. Security Solutions Magazine 68: 88-92
The criminogenic effects of fraud prevention advice-and how to avoid them . Targeting Tax Crime
Issue 4: 26-7. Canbe rra: Australian Taxa tion Office (released 2-3-11}
The deve lopment of cybercrime, in Lincoln R & Robinson S (eds), Crime over time: Temporal perspectives on crime and punishment in Australia. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scho lars PLUblishing: 211-36 (released 17-11-1 0)
International identity crime, in Sm ith CJ, Zhang SX & Barberet R (eds), Routledge lmndbook of crir~inology: An â‘ intemational perspective. New York: Taylor & Francis: 142-52 (released 23-5-11)
Appendixes 65
Willis K & McAtamney A 2010 .
Willis K 2010.
Willis K 201 0.
Willis K 201 0.
Willis K 2011.
Willis K. Simpson M & Sweeney J
201 1.
66 J\nnual report 2010-11
Assessing the impact of police on cannabis markets. Bulletin no.7. Sydney: National Cannabis
Preven tion and Information Centre
Managing community perceptions of drug problems, crime and policing. Researc/1 into Practice Brief no. 4: Sydney: National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre
Tackling cannabis markets in residential settings. Research Into Practice Brief no 3. Sydney:
National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre
What works in the policing of street-level cannabis markets? Research /fila Practice Brief no. 2.
Sydney: Na1ional cannabis Prevention and Inform ation Centre
Developing a quality cannabisâ‘ themed Intelligence product. ReseaiclJ into Practice Brief no. 6.
Sydney: National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre.
Improving our understanding or Australian cannabis markets. Bulletin no.O. Sydney: National Cannabis Prevention and Inform ation Centre.
Appe ndix 3â‘ Staff presentations Ande rson J, Morgan A & Willis K 2010. Evaluation concepts and challenges. A IC staff train ing course,
August
Bartels L 2011 . Unexplained wealth and proceeds of crime laws. Presentation to delegation of Indonesian
justice representatives, Canberra, 28 June
Bartels L 2011 . Unexplained wealth and proceeds of crime laws. Presentation to delegation of US Department of Justice representatives, Canberra 27 May
Bartels L 2010. Emerging issues in domestic and family violence research. 4m Australian and New
Zealand Critical Criminology Conference, Sydney , 1 July
Seacraft L & Richards K 2010. Developing a program logic for community night patrols in
the Northern Territory. A forum with patrols and
tile Attorney-General's Department , Canberra , 15 September
Beacroft L & Richards K 2011. Community night patrols in the Northern Territory: Towards a
performance and reporting framework. Presentation
to the Attorney General's Department, Canberra, 3 March
Beacroft L 2010. Trafficking in persons: Overview and opportunities for prevention and intervention. â‘ Paper to Crime Stoppers Australia Training Conference, Canberra, 26 October
Beacroft L 2011. Doing research to suppott improved community safety for Indigenous people
in Australia. Internationa l Centre for Criminal Law
Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Montrea l, Canada 28-29 April
B ricknell S 2011 . Understanding the nature and extent of environmental crime. Presentation to the
Depa rtment of Sustainability, Env[_ronment, Water, Popu lation and Communities , Canberra, 8 February
Bryant CJ 2011. Human caused: Redu cing the impact of deliberately lit bushfires. Lecture presented to the Biology & Environment Fire Science Course, ANU College of Medic ine, February
Chao, K-K R 2010. Does it matter how we describe cybercrime? International Conference on Applied Linguistics, Taiwan, 25-30 Nov embe r
Choo , K-K R 2010. The organised cyber crime threat landscape. CPA Cong ress, Adelaide, 5 Novemb er
David F 2011 . Labour trafficking. Paper presented to Forced Labour Seminar, Anti-Slavery Centre, UTS, Sydney, 18 February
David F 2011. Labour trafficking in Australia: Definitions, drivers and why it is significant tor Australia. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual Border Security Conference, Melbourne, 1 Q-11 May
Davis 8 2010. Modelling the dynamics of drugs markets in space and time. Geographical Intelligence Conference Defence Intelligence Geo -Spatial Organisation, Canberra, 9-10 November
GaHney A 2011. A cohott comparison of young adult police detainees in DUMA. Paper to the Young people, Risk and Resilience: The Challenges of Alcoho l, Drugs and Violence Conference, Australian
Institute of Criminology and the Victorian Safe Com m unities Network, Melbourne, M arch
Homel P & Willis K 201 0. Measuring the impact of law enforcement on serious and organised crime. Paper at the International and Serious Organised Crime Conference, 18-19 October
Hamel P & Westro pp-Evans H 2010 . Transnational and organised crime in the Pacific. Paper to the Pacific Island Law Officers Networ k, 8 December
Hamel P 2011 . Building capacity for crime prevention. Presentation to the Australian Crime Preven tion Council (ACPC) Asia Pac ifi c Crime Prevention Forum, Adelaide University, 26 January
Append ixes 67
Hutchings A 2011 . Protecting your organisation from
cyber crime. CPA Australia Public Sector Leaders Series, Canb erra, 21 June
Hutchings A 2011. Computer chip identification
systems. Fraud Summit 2011, Sydney, 28 June
Jones W 201 0. Was S/?aw right all along? A
reappraisal of the ecological approach to crime. Presentation to the Environmental Criminology and
Crime Analysis Conference , Brisbane, 7-8 July
Jones W 2010 . After the gold rush: Analysing the
crime geography of Australia's major cities. Paper presented at the Environmental Criminology and
Crime Analysis Conference, Brisbane, 7-8 July
Jones W 2010. Human terrain risk modelling:
Lessons from criminology. Defence Geospatial Intelligence Conference, Canberra 9-10 November
Joudo Larsen J 201 0. People trafficking. Paper
presented to the International Serious and Organised
Crime Conference, Melbourne, 18-19 October
Lindley J & Smith R G 201 1. Supporting victims of
scams: what's needed, what's available and what can be improved? Meeting the Needs of Victims or Crime Conference, Sydney, 18-19 May
Lindley J and Choo K-K R 2010. Regula tory
pluralism and defeating organised cyber fraud networks. Centre for Transnational Crime Prevention, University of Wollongong and t:quipe de Recherche
sur Ia Delinquance en Reseau, University of
Mo ntreal, 2nd Illicit Networks Workshop, Nov otel N orthbeach Wollongong , 6 December
Macgregor S 2011. Drug market information: Rndings
from the DUMA program. Paper to the New South Wales Police DUMA Workshop, Sydney, 17 May
M acgregor S 2011 . Drug mar/(et information:
Fk1dings from the DUMA program. Paper to the
Queensland Police DUMA Workshop, Brisbane,
16 June
Macgregor S 2011 . Drug market information:
Andings from the DUMA program. Paper to the South Australia Police DUMA Workshop, Adelaide,
21 June
M acgregor S 2011 . Drug market information: Findings from the DUMA program. Paper to the Western Australia Police DUMA Workshop, Perth,
23 June
68 Annual report 2010 11
Macgregor S 2011 . Drug market information:
Rndings from the DUMA program. Paper to the DUMA Stakeholder Workshop, Perth, 24 June
Morgan A, Willis K & Anderson J 2010. Evaluation
findings and recommendations. AIC staff training course, November 201 0
Morgan A 201 0. Evaluation of the Queensland
Murri Court: Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Indigenous sentencing courts. Paper presented to the Australian and New Zealand
Society of Criminology Conference, Alice Springs,
28-30 September
Morgan A 2010. NaUonal Crime Prevention
Framework. Paper to the National Crime Prevention Workshop, Canberra, 9 November
Payne J 2011 . DUMA: What is it and how can you
make the most of it? Paper to the New South Wales Police DUMA Workshop, Sydney, 17 May
Pay ne J 2011. DUMA: What is it and 11ow can you
make the most of it? Paper to the Queensland
Po lice DUMA Workshop , Brisbane, 16 June
Payne J 2011. What is it and how can you make
the most of it? Paper to the Western Australia Police DUMA Workshop, Perth, 23 June
Payne J 2011. DUMA: What is it and /?ow can
you make tf1e most of it? Paper to the DUMA Stakeholder Wod~shop , Perth, 24 June.
P yne J 201 1. Alcohol and assault on Friday and
Saturday nights. Paper to the Queensland Police DUMA Works hop, Brisbane, 16 June
Renshaw L & Joudo Larsen J 2010. Monitoring of
people trafficking. Paper presented at the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology
Conference, Alice Springs, 27-30 September
Renshaw L 2011 . A report on trafficking issues in
Australia. Presented to Experts Meeting on Crime Prevention and TraHicking in Persons, International
Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice
Policy, Montreal, Canada 21-22 Ma rch
Richards K 2010. Measuring juvenile recidivism in
Australia: Challenges and ways forward. Paper to Australian and New Zea land Society of Criminology
Conference, Alice Springs, 29 September
Richards K 2010. Trends in juventle detention in
Australia. Paper to Australian and New Zea land
Critica l Criminology Conference, Sydney, 2 July
Richards K 2011. Promising interventions for
reducing offending by Indigenous juveniles. Paper
presented to the Indigenous Justice Forum , Perth,
18 May
Richards K 2011. Trends 1i1 juvenile detention
1981-2008. Presentation to B imberi Review Team forum, Canberra, 16 March
Richards K 2011. What makes juvenile offenders
different from adult offenders? Paper to Young
people, Risk and Resilience: The Challenges of
Drugs and Alcohol Conference, Melbourne , 7 March
Smith L & Dossetor K 2011. Armed robbery patterns
in Australia 2008-10. Paper to Armed Robbery
Roundtab le, Canberra, 16 February
Smith L 2010. Impact of policing on licensed
premises in the ACT. Paper to the National Crime
Prevention Workshop, Canberra, 9 November
Smith L 2011. Research challenges with the ACT
Policing strategies for licensed premises project.
Paper to Young People, Risk and Resilience
Conference, 7-8 March
Smith RG 201 0. Fraud Down Under: Risl~s and
responses to financial crime in Australia and New
Zealand. Assoc iation of Certified Fraud Examiners'
Annual Pacific-Rim Fraud Conference, Melbourne ,
15 November
Smith RG 201 0. Fraud in the Outback: Capable
guardianship in preventing financial crime in remote
communities. 23rd Australian and New Zea land
Soc iety of Criminology Con ference: Cross-border
. and Transnational Crime: Risks and Responses,
A lice Springs, 28 September
Sm ith RG 2010. Organised identity theft in a global
perspective. International Serious and Organised
Crime Conference, Melbourne 1 8 October
Smitll RG 2010. Restorative justice approaches to
economic crime control. Twenty-Eighth Internat ional
Symposium on Economic Crime, Jesus College,
Cambridge, 7 September
Smith RG 2010 . Risks and responses to fraud in
Australia. Institute of Chartered Accountants in
Australia, Victorian Forensic Accoun ting Special
Interest Group, Melbourne, 25 Nov ember
Smith RG 2011. Supporting victims of scams .
What's needed, what's available and what can be
improved? Australasian Consumer Fraud Tasldorce
Agency Forum, Melbourne, 8 Marc h
Smith RG 201 0. Countering criminogenic effects
of consumer fraud public awareness -raisti1g campaigns. Australasian Consumer Fraud Taskforce
Agency Forum, Australian Taxation Office, Brisbane,
20 July 201 0
Smith RG 2010. Nigerian scams. 6th Jo1i1t London
Action Plan and Contact Network of Spam
Authorities Workshop. Melbourne 20 October
Sm ith RG 2010. Global economic and electronic
crime research at the Australian Institute of
Criminology. Aus tralian Institut e of Criminology
Student Forum, Ca nberra 30 July
Smith RG 2010. Risks and responses to fraud in
Australia. National Fraud Authority Seminar, National
Fraud Authority, London , 2 September
Smith RG 201 0. Understanding consumer fraud:
How to avoid being scammed. University of the
Third Age, Belconnen Current Affairs Group,
Canberra Southern Cross C lub, Canberra, 4 August
Smith RG 2010. Identification processes in the
higher education sector: Risks and
countermeasures. Auckland University of Techno logy
Staff and Postgraduate Criminology Seminar,
Auckland, 5 July
Sm ith RG 2010. Electronic monitoring of offenders
Downunder : BRCSS Inter-Univers ity Video Seminar,
Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 6 July
Smith RG 2010 . Online identity fraud: Understanding
and responding to consumer scams. Auc l ~ l and
University of Technology pub lic lecture, Aucl~land, 6 July 2010
Smith RG 2010. Understanding the drivers of fraud
and the motivations of offending. Un iversity of
Auckland staff seminar, Auck land, 7 July
Appendixes 69
Sweeney J 2011. Alcohol and assault on Friday and Saturday nights. Pape r to the New South Wales Police DUMA Workshop, Sydney, 17 May
Sweeney J 2011 . Victimisation and fear of crime among a sample of police detainees: Findings from the DUMA program . Paper to the Meeting the Needs of Victims of Crime Conference, Sydney,
19 May
Sweeney J 20 11. Alcohol and assau lt on Friday and Saturday nights. Pape r to the Western Australia Police DUMA Workshop, Perth, 23 June
Sweeney J 20 11. Alcohol and assault on Friday and Saturday nights. Paper to the DUMA Stakeholder Workshop, Perth, 24 June
Tomison AM 2010. Child protection: From theory to practice. Social Policy Implementation and Service Delivery course, Masters of Public Policy, Crawford
School of Economics and Government, Australian National University, 16 August
Tomison AM 2010. Findings from the NAPCAN 'Help Break Down the Wall' com munity survey. Invit ed address, National Child Protection Week Breakfast '
Old Parliament House, Canberra , 6 September
Tomison AM 201 0. The AIC: Current and future research directions. Presentation to graduate students, Institute for Crime Prevention, University of Ottawa, Canada, 20 September
Tomison AM 2010. The AIC: Current and future research direcUons. Presented three times to Public Safety Canada Executive and invit ed Canadian Jaw en forcement. government and criminal justice
stakeholders, 21 -22 Septembe r
Tomlson AM 201 0. Child protection in Australia: Taking the next step. Keynote address, Australian
College for Child & Family Protection Practitioners Co nference, Canberra, 16 October
Tomison AM 201 0. Welcome to the AIC: Opening Address. Australian Institute of C riminology Student Forum, Canberra 30 July
Tomison AM 2011 . Emerging and future trends in organised crime. Invited address, 9th Annual
National Security Australia conference, Sydney, 22 Feb ruary
70 Annuc lr eport 201 0 11
Tom ison AM 2011 . Emerging and future trends in organised crime. Paper and panel discussion (with Mr John Lawler, CEO, Australian Crime Commission) , National Security Senior Executive Development Course, National Security College, Australian National University, Canberra, 23 February
Tomison AM 20 11 . Cl1ild Abuse : Pathways to the juvenile justice system. Keynote address, Young People, Risl< and Resilience: The Challenges of Alcohol, Drugs and Violence Conference,
Melbourne , 8 March
Tomison AM 20 11 . Making sense of quantitative data. Presentation to Bache lor of Social Worl< , Social Work Research Methods course, Australian Catholic University, Canberra, 1 0 May
Walters J 2010. 14th Ill ega l logging and anti-money laundering legislat ion and regulation. International Anti-Corruption Conference, Bangl
Willis K, Morgan A & Anderson J 2010. Designing and implementing an evaluation. AIC staff training course, September
Willis K 2010 . Measuring the impact of drug law enforcement: A performance measurement tool developed for Australian drug law enforcement agencies. Paper to the First European Conference
on Drug Supply Indicators, Brussels, 20-22 October
Willis M & Rosevear L 201 1.1nformation summary: Evaluation framework for the Northern Territory Australian Classification Education campaign. Presented to Strong Choices Stakeholder arum,
Alice Springs, 12 April
Willis M 2010. Closing the gap on justice and safety for Indigenous Australians. Presented at Australian Institute of Criminology Student Forum, Canberra , 20 July
Willis M 201 0. Diversion programs for responding to substance abuse in Indigenous communities. Paper to Looking Forward with Hope: a Conference to Ce lebrate 1 0 years of the Youth Drug and Alcohol Court NSW , Parramatta, 30 July
Willis M 2011 . Don't ask, don't tell: Increasing the disclosure of violence in Indigenous communities. Presented to the Meeting the Needs of Victims of Crime Confe rence, Sydney, 18-19 May
Appendix 4â‘ Occas iona semin ars
26 July 2010
17 August 201 0
19 August 201 0
18 November 201 0
2 February 2011
15 February 201 1
1 0 March 201 1
11 Ma rch 2011
31 Ma rch 201 1
16 May 2011
Securing tile knowledge: the 5J's framework for improving performance in crime prevention, security and community safety. Professor Paul Ekb lom, University of the Arts London Research Centre
Responding to human security t11reats in East Asia and the Pacific. Gary Lewis, Un ited Nations 0!1ice on
Drugs and Crime (UNO DC) Reg ional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific
Juvenile justice-a wicked problem . Reflections on a strategic review of t11e NSW Juvenile Justice System.
Peter Murphy, Noetic Solutions
Anti-money laundering regulation : Implementation experience for accountants in the UK. Institute of
Chartered Accountants in Eng land and Wa les
Transnational crime and public-private sector interventions. Or Wynsen Faber, Police Academy of the
Netherlands
Mu lti-problem risk profiles of youth in custody. Professor Raymond Corrado , Simon Fraser University; Institute
of Criminology, University of Cambridge ; BC Centre for Social Responsibility
Circles of support anci accountability. Dr Kelly Richards, Australian Institute ot Criminology
Consumer Fraud Awareness Week : Panacea or fig leaf? Mike Haley, National Fraud Authority
New systems eve: An overview of the Cairns Model approach to reduce alcohol related violence around
licensed premises. Boris Po inting, James Cook University
Trailblazing victims' rigl1ts as l1uman rights: the quest for clarity . Dr Jonathan Doak , Nottingham Trent
University (United Kingdom)
Appendixes 71
Appendix 5â‘ Submissions The AIC mad e one wrilten submissions and one hearing appearance to governme nt inquiries, as follows:
March 201 1
March 2011
Australia. Senate Standing Comm itt ee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. Inquiry into the Combating the Financing of People Smuggling and Other Measures Bill 2011 (subm ission).
Australia. Joint Select Committee on Cyber-Safety.lnquiry into cyber-safety issues affecting children and young people (hearing).
72 Annual ropnrl ?010-1 I
Appendix 6â‘ Ro ndtabes
15 September 201 0, Canberra
8 October 201 0, Da1w in
8 October 2010, DaiWin
16 February 2011 , Canberra
3 June 2011, Canberra
27 June 2011, Canberra
29 June 2011 , Canberra
Jtme 2011 , M ildura, Perth and Kalgoorlie
Towar ds an Improved performance and reporting lramework for Northern Territory community night
patrols. Workshop held with key stakeholders, AIC
Wi lli s M & Rosevear L 2010. Forum to discuss a Program Logic ror the Northern Territory Commun ity
Sa fety Planning program. Northern Territory Department of Justice,.
Willis M & Rosevear L 2010. Forum to discuss a Program Logic for Australian Classification Education, No rthern Territory Department of Justice,.
Armed Robbery Roundtab le, AIC
Workshop on Deaths in Custody Monitoring Program and Police Custody Monitoring: Issues for
improvement , held with police data providing agencies, AlC
Beacrofl L & Joudo Larsen J 2011 . Monitoring trafficking in persons: Developing a conceptual framework and supporting minimum dataset Workshop with Operational Wo rking Group, Inter-Departmental Committee on Trafficking in Persons
Workshop on Deaths in Custody Monitoring Program and issues for Improvement, held with prison
and juvenile justice data providing agencies, AIC
Information Sessions on Trafficking In Persons: recent research and approaches to tacl\ling it. A series of forums for non -experts
Appendixes 73
Appendix 7: Media I I enqu1nes Total 209 81 19 6
74 Annual repoll 2010 I 1
Appendix 8 â‘ Statutory reporting requirements Occupat ional health and safety The AIC has an OH&S policy, established in accordance with the Occup ational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) Act 1991.
The AIC has a nominated health and safety representative. There were no major OH&S issues during the year.
The AIC continues to provide access to professional counselling services for its staff and their families tl1rough the Employee Assistance Program. This service is offered to assist staff with any personal or work-related problems.
Freedom of information This statement is provided in accordance with section 8 of the Freedom of Information Act 1982. Freedom of information statistics for the Department and all portfolio agencies are set out in the Attorney " General's latest annual report to the Parliament on the operation of the Freedom of Information Act
1982, available at
Categories of documents
" general-internal papers and records, includi ng
statistical records, copies of facsimiles,
interagency and general correspondence
and papers, policy documents Onclud ing recommendations and decisions) and work plans
" executive- briefing papers and submissions
prepared for the Min ister for Home Affairs and Justice and the Attorney-Genera l, ministerial
correspondence and replies to parliamentary
questions
" research-research, development and evaluation
papers, statistical data holdings, conference
proceedings and publications
" administration-finance, establishment, personnel,
recruitment. staff development, office services and
tender files.
Freedom of Information requests can be made in
writing to the Deputy Director, Corporate, Australian
Insti tute of Criminology, GPO Box 2944, Canberra,
ACT 2601.
FO I reques ts
T here were two Freedom of Information requests
in 2010-11.
One, which was transferred in full from the Attorney "
Genera l's Department to the AIC was released in
full. At the time of reporting, the second was being processed. A request for consu ltation on a third from
the Attorney-General's Department was also dealt
witll.
Ombudsman There were no reviews undertaken by the
Ombudsman.
cologically -sustainable development Under section 516A(3) of the Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, the Directors of the AIC must ensure a report prepared
under the provisions of the Commonwealth
Authorities and Compani es Act 1997 complies with the reporting provisions (ss. 6) of the EPBC Act.
Append ixes 75
The AIC has continued its commitment during the
past year to improving its energy efficiencies in order
to fulfil its obligations under the EPBC Act.
Measures include:
" active recycling of paper, plastic and bottles and
computer toner
" use of recycled paper in all multi-function devices
" installation of equipment that incorporates
energy-saving devices such as desktop
computers, photocopiers, water-saving
showerheads, dishwashers and printers
" use of sensor lighting and air cond itioning
management systems
" water conservation-toilets with half-flush systems
" reductions fn consumable supplies through
reduced printing of ma terial available on the
internet and In electronic databases, ema il and
document management systems, leading to lower
consumption of paper, toners and energy.
The AIC is committed to practices that assist
ecologically -sustainable development and improve
environmenta l perfo rma nce. It does not administer
any legislation or have any appropriations directly
related to these issues.
76 Annual roporl20 10-11
During the year, the AIC continued to develop its
a-publications program which reduced printing.
Trends & Issues papers and Technical and
Background Papers are 'online only' publications.
Monitoring reports and the Research and Public
Policy series are being moved to a print-on-demand
mode l. These measures have resulted in a reduction in the use of consumab le supplies. In 2011-12 all
publications from late 2011 will be down loadable
as a-publications. Hardcopy reports will only be
available via a 'print on demand' scheme.
The A IC building is now part-powered by solar
electric ity, as pane ls w ere installed during June 2011
wh ich will see significant savings and a better environmental outcome.
Advertising and market research
The A IC did not engage any vendors for advertising
or market research in 2009-10.
Appendix 9: Comp iance index i_ " \' :, ' II ' '. l I ' _t 'I ' ' " I ..-J I
., _,........_~. , "r,, I I I T .... ' f r .,1 tf ... J ll l. - . " tt.' I ~ ' - " -.
" .,. I"'! ,-. ". ... " .f- t L ',~~~~~ .. -J " '1'!_.~â‘,; ... l 'â‘!~.._ ". â‘-
" . " .., " ,...,, .._. '.' ", " ~I -,
â‘ ~eference ) n . .. . _ -:: . . ... I .... .. r _L_ ~â‘ .~.v .... A!.. ..-.
__ , ... ~~-~â‘- '"'' , I , ~ . (''-" - "â‘ _..:â‘f â‘~
â‘- - " " " " " " , ' ,. " " ....... ..&- - " " 'r
,Annuai â‘ Report __ . .. , . . __ . ". ~ -::->. . " ,. .. ; " " _,.. ... -..:.â‘: _ :._.\..~~~-lit ~
â‘ .. r.~~N2 Port .. ~!lSCJ l P.!iqn ;._ ~-- _ :.J â‘""'~â‘~ _ . " u~- .. .!..~qulren ' ent
8(3) &A.4 Letter of transm ittal Ma ndatory 2
A.5 Table ol contents Ma ndatory v
A.5 Index Manda tory 147
A.5 Glossary Manda tory vii
A.5 Co ntact officer(s) Ma nd atory iii
A.5 Internet home pag e address and Internet address for Mandator y iv
report
9 Review by Secretary Man datory
9(1) Review by dep artmental secretary Ma nda tory 6
9(2) Su mm ary of significant issLJes and developm ents Suggest ed 6--8
9(2) Ov erview of department's performance ancl financial Sugge sted 6-8
results
9(2) Outlook for following year Sugges ted 8
9(3) Signific ant issues and developmen ts -portf olio Portfolio agency
departm ents-suggested
10 Departmental overview Mand atory
10(1) Role and functions M andatory 12
10(1) Organisational structure Manda tory 14-15
10(1) Outcome and program structure Mandatory 12
10(2) Where outcome and program structures differ from PB Man datory 12
Statem en ts/PAES or other portfolio statements
accompany ing any other additional appropriation bills (other portfolio stateme nts), details ot variation and
reasons for chan ge
10(3) Portfolio structure M and atory lor
portfolio
departments
11 Report on performance Mandatory
11 (1) Review ol performan ce during llle year in relatio n to M andatory 18-47
program s and con tribution to outcome s
11 (2} Actual performanc e In relation to deliverab!es and I
set out in PB Slatemen ts!PAES or other portfolio
statement s
Append ixes 77
11(2) Where performance targets differ from the PBS/PAES, Mandatory
details of both former and new targets, and reasons for the change
11 (2) Narrative discussion and analysis of performance Mandatory 18-47
11(2) Trend information Mandatory 18-47
11(3) Performance of purchaser/provider arrangements If applicable-
suggested
11 (3) Significant changes in nature of principal functions/ Suggested
services
11 (3) Factors, even Is or trends influencing departmental Suggested
performance
11(3) Contribution of risk management in achieving objectives Suggested
11(4) Social inclusion outcomes If applicable-
mandatory
11 (5) Performance against sel\lice charter customer service If applicable-
standards, compla ints data, and the department's) mandatory response to complaints
11(6) Discussion and ana lysis of the department's financial Mandatory 57
performance
11 (7) Discussion of any significant changes from the prior year Suggested
or from budget.
11(8) Agency resource statement and summary resource Mandatory 47
tables by outcomes
1 (9) Developments since the end of the financial year that If applicable- 52
have affected or may significantly affect the department's mandatory operations or financial results in future
12 Management accountability
12(1) Agency heads are required to certify that their agency Mandatory 53
comply with the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines
12(2) Statement of the main corporate governance practices in Mandatory 51~52
place
12(3) Names of the senior executive and their responsibilities Suggested 51
12(3) Senior management comm ittees and their roles Suggested 51
12(3) Corporate and operational planning and associated Suggested
performance reporting and review
12(3) Approach adopted to identifying areas of significant Suggested 52
financial or operational risk
12(3) Policy and practices on the establishment and Suggested 50
ma intenance of appropriate ethical standards
12(3) How nature and amount of remuneration for SES officers Suggested 54
is determined
78 Annual report 20 I 0-11
12(4) Significant developments in external scrutiny Mandatory 50
12(4) Judicial decisions and decisions of administrative Mandatory
tribunals
12(4) Reports by the Aud itor-General, a Parliamentary Mandatory 74
Committee or the Commonwealth Ombudsman
,._ â‘ . . .- . , . " ~~ - .Man~gement o ltu an resources
12(5) Assessme nt of effectiveness in manag ing and developing Ma ndatory 53
human resources Ia achieve depa rtmen tal o bjectives
12(6) Workforce planning, staff turnover and retention Suggested 53
12(6) Impact and features of enterprise or collective Suggested 53
agreemen ls, individual flexibility arrangements {IFAs),
determinations. common law contracts and AWAs
12(6) Training and development undertaken and ils impact Suggested
12(6) Occupational health and safety performance Suggested
12(6) Productivity gains Suggested
12(7) Statistics on staffing Manda tory 54
12(8) Enterprise or collective agreements, IFAs, determinations, Manda tory 53
common law contracts and AWAs
12(9) &B Performance pay Manda tory 55
12(10)-(11) Assets Assessment of effectiveness of assets management If applicable- 58
mana gem ent manda tory
12(12) Purchasing Assessmen t ol purchasing against core policies and Manda tory 58
principles
12(13)-(24) & Cons ultants Summary statement detailing the number of new Manda tory 58
C,D consultancy services contracts let during U1e year; the
total actual expenditure on all new consultancy contracts let during the year Qnclusive or GSn; the number of ongoing consultancy contracts that were active in the
reporting year; the total ac~ua l expenditure in the reporting year on the ongoing consultancy contracts (inclusive of Gsn, and a statemen t noting that
Informa tion on contracts ami consul!ancies is available through t he Aus Tencler webs ite
12(25) Aus tralian Absence of provisions In contracts allowing access by the Mandatory
Na tional Au dit Auditor-Genera l Office access clauses
12(26) Exem pt contracts Contracts exempt from the AusTender Mandatory
13 Financial Financial statements Manda tory 81-111
statement s
14(1) & c ' Occupational health and safety (section 7 4 of the Mandatory 74
Occupational Health and Safety Ac/7991)
Appendixes 79
14(1)&C Freedom of Information for I he period 1 July 201 0 to 30 Mandatory 74
April 2011 inclusive (subsection 8(1) of the Freedom of Information Act 1982} as it existed prior to 1 May 2011)
14(1) &C Advertising and Ma rket Research (section 311A of the Mandatory 75
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918) and statement on
advertising campaigns
14(1) & c Ecologically sustainable developmen t and environmental Mandatory 74
performance {section 516A of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservalion Act 199!J)
14(2) & 0 Grant programs Mandatory
14(3)&0 Disability reporting-explicit and transparent reference to Mandatory agency-level information available through other reporting mechanisms
14(4) Correction of material errors in previous annual report If applicable-
mandatory
F List of requirements Mandatory 76-79
80 Annual report 20 I 0-11
Australian National
Audi Offic
I DEP D NT AUDI OR S REPORT
To the M inister for Home Affairs
J have audited the accompanying financial statement of the Australian Institute of C1iminology for the year ended 30 June 2011, which comprise: a tatement by the Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer; the Statement of Comprehensive lpcome; Ba lance Sheet; Statement of Changes in Equity; ash Flow Statement; chedule of Commitments; Schedule of Asset Additionsâ‘ and Notes comp rising a Summary of ignificant Accounting Policies and other explanatory infommtion.
The Responsibility of the Director for the Financial tateme11ts
The Director of the A ustralian lnstilute of Crimjnology is respon ible tor the preparation of the financial statements that give a tme and fair view in accordance with the Finance Minister' Orders made under the Commonwea lth If uthorities and Companies Act 1997, includin g the Australian Accounting Standards, and [or such intemal control as Lhe
Director det rmines is neccssaty to enable the preparation of the fi11ancial statements that are free from mate1ial mi tatement, whether due to fraud or enâ‘or.
Auditor'â‘ R espon ibili ty
My respon ibilit y is to express an opinion on the financia l statement based on my audit. r conducted my audit in accordance with the Aus tralian National Audit Office Auditing Standards, which inc01porate the Australian Auditing tandards. These auditing standa1ds require that 1 comp ly with relevant ethical requirement relating to audit engagements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are fiâ‘ee from material m isstatement.
An audit involves perfi nning procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosme in the financial statement . The procedures elected depend on the auditor's judgement, including the assessment f the risks of mate1ial misstatement of the (inancial statements, whether due to fraud or enâ‘ or. ln making those risk a es ments the auditor
considers intemal control relevant to the Australian In titute of Criminology's preparation of the financial statements that give a true and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances but not for the purpose of expre ing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Aus tralian lnstitute of Climinology's internal control. An audil also includes evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting policies
used and Lhe reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the members, as w II as evaluating the overall pre entation oft he financial statements.
82 An ualr orl 2 10 I 1
GPO Bo~ 707 CANBERRA ACT 260!
!9 Na tional Circuit BARTON ACT 2GOO Phone (Ol) 6203 7300 fax (02) 6203 7 777
l believe that the audit evidence 1 have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for my audit opinion.
Independence
In conducting my audit, I have followed the independence requirements of the Australian National Audit Office, which incorporate the requirements of the Australian accounting profe ion.
OpilliOII
Jn my opinion, the financial statements of the Australian Institute of Criminology:
(a) have been prepared iu accordance with the Finance Minister's Orders made under the Commonwealth Authorities and Comptmies Act 1997, including the Australian Accounting Standards; and
(b) give a nue and fair iew of the matters requi "â‘ ed by the inance Mmister Orders including the Austnllian Institute of Criminology' s financial position as at 30 June 201 I and of its finru1cial perfmmance and cash flows for the year then ended.
Aushâ‘alian National Audit Office
Serena Buchanan Audit Principal
Delegate of the Auditor-General
Ca nberra 30 August 2011
1\lC finm ,eta! slalemenls 83
TA EM T 8\' Ttm HI EX IVE AND Ill " " INANCIAL OFFIC ER
In our opinion, the attached linancial statements for the year ended 0 June 20 I I are based on properly muinwinc:d fimmciaJ records and gi c a true and fair view of the molters required by the Finance Minister's rdcrs made 11nder the Commom1 â‘ ealth Authorities and Compunie. 1â‘ Act 1997 , as amended.
r Adnm omison
hicf x.cc11tivc Austrnlion Institute of riminology 0 "'' of ( U
84
s;good .. "... ~14":_ : ....
Tony Murk s
hiof â‘ inancial Officer Au â‘ trnlian Institute of Cri111inology Date:
STATEMENTO " 0 IPREHE i J E I 1COM "
.for the period ended 30 June 201 I
â‘XPE NS â‘mployec benefits Suppliers Grants
Depreciation and amortisation otal expense
LESS: 0\' N-SOUR E I CO m
Own-source rev nue Sale of goods and rendering ol' scrvic s Interest Royalties
ther Total own-sourc re cnue
a ins Sale of assets Total gain Total own-sourc income
et cost of er icc
Revenue from ovcrnment
urplus (Dcticit) attributable to th Au trnlian Go' enunent
OTHER M PR " 1-IENSIVE lN
Changes in !lSSel r valuation reserv Total other comprehensive income
No te
3A
3B
3
4A
48
4
40
2011 2010
5137 690 5,373,262
3,416,045 3,624 060
224,689 43,000
112,683 120,453
8,89I,l07 9,160,775
1 959,678 1,741797
237,748 121,565
56112 45 214
118 4,493
2,254 256 1,913 06
145
145
2 254,256 1,913,214
6,636,851 7,247,561
6 770 000 7,254,000
133,149 6 439
(27,754) (27,754)
Total comprehcn ivc income (lo ) attributable to th e 11 t1â‘alian Go vernment 133 149 __ --=..::..::..!..:.....:..::__ (21 315)
The above tatcment hould b re. d in conjunction w ith the ac ompanying note .
AIC fina11cl£1l stalements 85
BALANCE SHEET
as at 30 June 2011
2011 2010
Notes $ $
ASSETS Financial Assets Cash and cash equ iva Ients SA 5,413,492 2,882 040
Trade and other receivables 58 220,402 331 ,017
Total financial assets 5,633,894 3,213,057
Non-Financial Assets lnf1â‘ astmcture, plant and equipment 6A , 6C 471,178 517,490
Intangibles 68, 6C 14 720
Other non-financial assets 6D 182,293 177 933
Total non-financial assets 653,471 710,143
Total assets 6,287,365 3,923,200
LIABILITIES PayabJes Suppliers 7A 661,881 777,764
Other payables 7B 2,964,569 50 I ,666
Total payables 3,626,450 1,279,430
Provisions Employee provisions 8A 760,768 876,772
otal provisions 760,768 876,772
Total liabilities 4,387,218 2 ] 56,202
Net assets 1,900,147 I, 766,998
EQU1TY Contributed equity 996,276 996,276
Reserves 755,101 755 101
Retained surplus 148,770 15,621
Total equity 1,900,147 I 766,998
The above statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
86 Annual mport 2010-1 I
>
- 5 !ll
STATEMENT OF CHANGE LNE QUI TY
for !he period ended 30 June 20 I J
Opening balance Balance carried forward from previous period Adjusted opening balance
Co mprehensive income Other comprehensive income Surp1~s (Deficit) for the period
Total comp rehensive income of which: Anributablc ro the Australian Governm~nt
Transaction with owners Eq uity injection
Sub-total transactions with owners Closin:: balance attributable to the A ustralian Government
g The above stmemcm should be read in conjunction with the accomp;mying notes. ÃI /Jl cr m-3 (D :J i.ii
Retained eaminos
2011 2010
$ $
15.621 9.182
.15,621 9.182
133,149 6.439
133,149 6.439
133.149 6,439
148.770 15.62 1
Asset revaluation Contributed
Tot:tl equity
t "eserves equity/capital
2011 2010 201] 2010 2011 2010
$ $ $ s $ $
755.101 782,855 996,276 996.276 1,766.998 1.78 .313
755.101 782.8.55 996.276 996.276 1,766,998 1.788.313
(27.754) (27.754)
133,149 6.439
(27,754) 133.149 (21.315)
(27,754} 133.149 (21.315)
755.101 755.101 996.276 996276 1.900.147 I ,766.99
A H FLOW ATE 1ENT
for /lie period ended 30 June 20 I 1
2011 2010
Note
OPERATI GA I ITIES
ash received ales of goods and rendering of services 4 943 294 I ,383 553
Receipts fiâ‘om ovemment 6,770,000 7 254 000
Interest 236,711 128 35 1
Net GST rec ived 237 414
Other 68,220 63,498
Total cash rccciv d 12,018,225 9 066 816
Hsh used
Employees 5,229,310 5,348,278
uppliers 3,882,157 4,080 104
et GST paid 98 966
rants 224,689 43 000
Total ca h u ed 9,435,122 9,471,382
Ne t cash from (u ed by) operating activities 9 2,583 103 (404,566)
INVES TING A TIVJTIES a JJ recei ed Proceeds fiâ‘om ale of property plam and equipment 145
Total cash received 145
a h used
Purchase of prop rty, plant and equipment 51,651 49,097
Purchase of intangib les Total cash u ed 51,651 49 097
et ca h from (u ed by) investing activities (51 651) (48 952)
Net increa e (decrensc) in eash held 2,531,452 (453,518)
ash and cash equivalents at the b ginning ofthe reporting period 2,882,040 3,335 558 ash and cash equivalents at the end of the reporting p dod SA 5,413,492 2,882 040
The above slatcmcnl should be read in conjunction w ith the accompanying note .
88 Annunl 1cpn1 t 2010-1 I
S H tO EOFCO IMI S
a " of 30 June 20 II
BYTYP "
omm itm ents Receivable on tracts T r covcrable on commi tments Totnl ommitments Recei\'ablc
onnnitmcnts Payable Other com mitments . I I p rat m g eases ontracts 2
T payable on commi tment Tot I otheaâ‘ comm ilment et commi tments by t pe
BY J\IATU RJ TY
ommihnents receivable n year or less PI'Om one to 11ve years
Over live years Total commitments receivabl
ommitments payable pcnlling lease commitment n year or le.ss From one to five years
ver five years Totral ope1â‘nting lease commitm ents
Other commitments ne year or less From one to five years Over five years
otal other commitm ent ct omm itments b. Maturity 1 13: ommitments are G T inclusiv e wh re relevant.
I. perating leases includ d :'lr effect ively non-cancellable and comprise:
2011 $
3 510 357
703,472 5,317,!>33 987,122 319,123 7, 27,650 3 180,155
1,896,841 2,250,654
4,147,495
489,546 21 ,926
70 ,472
1,890,267 4,733,911
6 624,178 3 180 155
2010 $
5 075,941 539,643 5 615.584
I 193 018 4,743 057
461,449 6 397 524 78L 940
2,556,295 3,059 289
5,615,584
489,546 703,472
1,193,018
1,074,249 4 130,257
5 204,506 781 940
â‘ cases for office accommodation -The current lease xpircs in December 2012. A new len e ngrcemcnl from Decemb er 2007 wa signed for 5 yc;Hs wit 11 11 5 year option. Lease payments are subject loa fixed nnmm l incrense and recognised on a straight line basis.
2. ontracts included are eiTcctively non-cancellable and compri c:
ontracts receivable include contr, cl for the provision of AI re earch and secretariat ser ices. The e are fi â‘ ed term ontract and do not contain any provison for indexation of charges.
onlmcts payable include contract for the purchase of goods and services . These are fixed price contract .
rant comm itment arc cl ectively non-cancellable and mprise:
nmt agreeme nts i n respect of which the recipient is yet lo eitl1 r perform the services required r meet eligibi I ity condition .
A IC financial statements 89
f.,) 0
SCHEDu-LE OF A SET ADDITIO!'; for the period ended 30 June 20 J I
Tbe foUowing non-financial non-cu;rent et were added in 2010-11:
By purchase-Government funding By purchase -Own-source funding Total additions
The following non-financial non-cun-ent a et were added in 2009-10:
By purchase-Government funding By. purchase -Own-source funding Total additions
Infrastructure, property plant & equipment $
47,530
lnfrastructur , property. plant &
Librar Collection $
4,121
4,121
equipment Library Collection $ $
4 705
44J92 44.392 4.705
Intangibles $
Intangibles
Total
Total
$
51,651
51,651
$
705
44.392 49,097
Note) ;â‘ ~ummary of Significant Accounting PoJicics
1.1 O bjective of the A ustralian Institute of C riminology
The Aus talian institute of Crim inology (Institute) is an A u tralian Gove rnment controlled entity. Th e Institu te is Australia's national research and know ledge centre on crime and justice. The lnstilllle undertakes nnd commun icates evidence-based resear<:h to i11form policy and practice . All wo rk undertaken seeks to promote justice and reduce crime.
The Institute is structured to m eet one outcome:
O utcom e I: An infom ted Governme nt and com munity through policy relevant research and the generatio n of a crime nnd justice evidence base and national knowledge centre.
The Institute will undergo a change to its governance arrangment from I July 20 II as a result of legislatio n changes made through the Financial Fram ework Legislation Am endment Act 2010 (the Amendmen t Act). Further details on the impact of these changes are outlined at No te 2: Events after the balance sheet date. The continued exi tence of the lustitute under the new governance arrangments is dependent on Governmen t
policy and on continuing fi111ding by Parliament for the Institute's administration and prognuns.
1.2 Basis of Preparation of the Financial Statem ents
The financial statements are general purpose fimm cial statement and are required by clause I (b) of Schedule I to the Commonll'eafth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 and are general purpose financial statem ents.
The financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance w ith:
a) Finance M inister's Orders (FM Os) for r eporting periods ending on or after I July 20! 0; and
b) Australian Acco unting Standards ami Interpretations issued by the Australian Ac couuting Standards Board (AASB) that apply for the reporting period.
The financia l statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and in accordance with historical cost convention except for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Except w here state d, no nllowance is made for the effect of changing prices on the results or the finaucial position.
The financia l statem ents are presented in A ustralian dollars and values are rounded to the nearest dollar unless otherwise specified.
Un less an altemative treatment is specifically required by an accounting standard or the FMOs, assets and liabilities are recognised in the balance sltect w hen and only w hen it is probable that future economic benefit
wi ll tlow to the entity or a future sacrifice of economic be11efits w ill be required and the amounts of the assets or liabilities can be reliably meast1red. Howel'cr, assets and liabilities arising under cxccuto1y contracts are not recognised unless required by an accounting standard. Liabilities and assets that are unrecognised are reported in the schedule of com mitments or the schedule of contingencies.
Unles alternat ive treatme nt is specifically required by an accounting standard, income and expenses are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Incom e when and only when the flow, consumption or loss of economic benefits has occurred and can be reliably measured.
1.3 Significant Accounting Judgem ents and Estimates
No accounting asstunptio ns or estimates have been identified that have a significant risk of causing a â‘ material adjustment to carrying amoun t of assets and liabi .lities within the next accounting period.
1.4 New A ustralian A c!:ounting Standards
AdorJtion o{New Austm lian Accounting Standard Requiremems
No accounting standard has been adopted earlier than the application date as stated in the standard.
Other new standards, ame ndments to stnn.dards and interpretat ions that were issued pri r t o the sign-off date nnd are applicable to the current reporting period did not have a financial impact, and are not c:.:pcctcd to have a fi.1ture financial impact on the Institute.
Future Aus/r(dian Accmmting Standard f?equiremenfs
O tltcr new standards, amendments to standards and interpretat ions that were issued prior t o the sign-off date and nrc applicable to the futmc repo11ing periods are not expected to have a future financial impact on the litst.itut e.
AIC financial statements 91
1.5 Revenue
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised w hen: a) the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer;
b) the Institute retains no managerial involvement or effective control over the goods;
c) the revenue and transaction co ts incurred can be reliably m easured; and
d) it is probable that the economic ber1efits associated with the transac tion wi ll now to the entity.
Revenue from rendering of sen " ices is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of contracts at the reporting date. T l1e revenue is recognised when : n) the amount of revenue, stage of comp letion and transact[on costs incurred can be reliably measured; and
b) the probable economic benefits associated with the transaction w ill now to the Institute.
The stage of comp letion of contracts at the reporting date is determined by reference to the services pcrfonned to date as a percentage of total services to be performed.
Receivables for goods and services, wl1ich have 30 day terlll s are 1â‘ecognised at the nominal amounts due less any impairment allowance account. Collectability of debts is reviewed at end of the reporting period. Allowa nces me made when collectability of the debt is no longer probable.
Interest revenue is recognised using the eiTective intere.stmethod as set out in AASB 139 Financial Jnstrume/1/s: RecogJiition and Measurement.
ll.evemtes (iâ‘om Government
Funding received from Attorney-General's Department (appropriated to them as a CAC Act body payment item for payment to the Instit ute) is recognised as Revem1e from Government unless they are in the nature of an equity i1~ection or loan.
Pan!/1/a/ Lem " e Pa!'lnents Schem e
Amount received under the Parental Leave Payments Scheme by the lnstitute not yet paid to emp loyees were presented gross as cash and a liability (paynble). The total amo unttâ‘ eceived under this scheme is disclosed as a footnote to the Note 4 D: Revenue from Government.
1.6 Gains
Sale o[Assers
Gain from disposal of assets are recognised w hen control oft he asset has passed to the buyer.
1.7 Employee Benefits
Liabilities for services re11dcrcd by employees are recognised at the reporting date to the exte11t that they have not been settled.
Liabiliti es for 'short-term emp loyee benefits' (as defined in AASB 11 9 employee Benefits) and termination benefits due within twelve months of the end of reporting period arc measured at their nominal amonllls.
The nominal amoulll is calculated with regard to the rates expected to be paid on selllem erll of the liability.
Other long-tem1 employee benefits arc measured as net total of the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period minus the fair value at the end of the reporting period of plan assets (if any) out of which the obligatio ns are to be settled directly.
Leal'e The liability for emp loyee benefits includes provision for annual leave and long service leave. No provisio n IJas been made for sick leave as all sick leave is non-vesting and the average sick leave taken in fumre years
by employees of the Institute is estimated to be less than the annual entitlement for sick leave.
The leave liabilities are calculated on tl1e basis of employees' remuneratio n at the e.stimated salnry rates thai w ill be applied at the time the leave is taken, includitlg the Institute's employer superannuation contribution rates to the extent that the lenve is likely to be taken during service rather than paid om on tenni11i1tion. The liability for long service leave has been determined by reference to the work of an actunTy as at 30 June 2011. The estimate of the present value of the liability takes into account allrition rates and pay ir1crcascs
through promotion and in nation.
SepCimlion and ll.eduudan cv
Provision is made for separation and redundancy benelit payments. The h1stitute recognises a provisio11 for termination when it has developed a detailed formal plan for the terminations and l1as informed those emp loyees af'fected that il will carry out the terminatior1s .
92 r\nnual rcpnll 20 ll} 1 I
SntJermmuation
The In lillHc's taiTare members oflhe Commonwea ltlt Superannurllion Scheme (CSS , the Public Sector Superannuation Schem e (PSS), O J' the P Sa cumulation p l~n (I' ~p).
The Sand PSS are defined benefit schem es for the A ustral ian ovcrnm cnl. The I'SSap is a defined contribution sehem .
The liabilit y for defined benc!it is recognised in the financial statem ents of the Australian overnmenl and is cUI d by the Aus tralian Govcrnme11t in due course. Tit is l i~bility is reporte d by the Department of Finance and Der gulation as an adm inistered item.
Tite In titule makes ~:mploycr contribulions lo ihe employee ' uperannu
Tite liabi lity for superannuation recognised n at 30 June represent out tandi11g contributio ns for the lin11l fi rtni ht of the year.
1.8 Lenses
O pcmting tense paym ents nrc xpensed on~ straigltt-line basi which is representative of the pattem of benefit derived from the leased asset .
1.9 a h
Ca h i recognised at its nominal am 1mt. ash and ca h cquivalelll include : a) ca h on hand; and b) demand depo its in bauk ac unt with an original maturity of m nths or les that are readily convertible to kno' n am unt of cash and ubjectto i11 ignifica ntrâ‘ i k of changes in valu .
I.JO l'inancial assets The Institut e classifies its linancial a â‘se ts as 'loans and receivable '. The classi fication depends on the nntr1rc and pnrpose oft he financiolas ds nnd is determi ned nt the time finilial recognition. Fi1tancinl a ct re recognised and derecognised upon trade date.
EO'e tiloc Interest Method
Titc ctrccti\ " c interest method i a method f calculating the amorti ed cost of a financial asset and of all eating interest income over the rei vont period. The eiTecti,,e iruercst rate is the rate that exactly di count estimated future ash receipts through the expected life of the financial as et, or, where appf priate, a shorter peri d.
Income is fl:COgnised on an ciTectivc intere t rate basis except for linancialnsscls thar are recognised al fair value through profit or loss.
l.om 1s n11d Rece i1 " nbles .
rade receivables, loans and other receivables that have fixed orâ‘ dctcnninablc payments that are not qu ted in an active m arket are classified as loans and receivable '. Loans and receivable arc rm:a urcd at amortised cost using the eiTectivc intere !method less impairment. Interest is recognised by applying the encctive inlere t rate.
L!l1Jlairmelll o[Fillancia/,l.t ets Financial assets are assessed for impainn n1 at the end of each reporting period. Fimm ial asset held nt cmiDI'Ii .ved tâ‘os t -If there i objective evid nee that an impaimtentlo â‘ s has been incurred for loans and receivable or held to m aturity in es t m~.:n t held al amo11i ed cost, the amount of
the loss is measured as the dil1crc Jtce between the asset's canying am ounl and the present value of estimated fLrturc cnsh !low disconntcd at the asset's original cnl;ctive intcrl!st rate. The carrying allloLrnt is reduced by way ofllll allowan ce account. The loss is rccogn ised in the Statemcm of â‘omprchcnsive Income.
I. II Financial Liabiliti c
financial liabilities are cia silied a other linancia l liabllili~s . Finan inlliabililies nrc recognised and dcrecogni ed upon 'trade date'.
th r linancialliab ilitic , including rrowiugs, arc initially me;t ured at rair value net oftrnn action co Is. hese liabilitie are ub e
T l1c e n'i ~c t ivc interest me thod is n method of calculating the am ortised cost of a financial liability ;mtl of allpcati1tg interest expense overâ‘ the rei \ ~ fll lt period. The ftccti1oe i11t ~rcst rat is the rate that exactly disc 1111ts estimated future ca h payment through the e.'tpected life oftltc financial liability, or. where appropriate, a shorter period.
i\IC frnnr.cral statements 93
1.12 Co ntingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Contingent liabilities and contingent assets are not recognised in the balance sheet but are reported in the relevant schedules and notes. They may arise fmm uncertain!} ' as to the existence of a liability or asset or represent an asset or liability in respect of which the amount cannot be reliably m easured. 011tingenl assets arc disclosed when settlem ent is probable but not virtually certain and contingent liabiliti es are disclosed whe n settlemen t i s greater than remote.
1.13 Ac quisition or Assets
Assets are recorded at cost on acquisition except as stated below. The cost or acquisition includes the fair value of assets transferred in exchnnge and liabilities undertake11. Fiuancial nssets ~ r e initially men sured at their fnir value plus transaction costs whe re appropriate.
Assets acquired at no cost, or for nominal considemtion, nrc initially recognised as assets nnd income nt their fair value at the date of acquisiti on, unless acqnircd [IS a consequence ofrestruetu ring of administrative: arrangeme nts. In the latter case, assets nre initially recognised as contributions by owners at the ammm ts at wh ich they were recognised in the tmnsfcror's nccounts imm ediately prior to the rcstructuri 11g.
1.14 l~rop e rt y, Planl and U:qniJlment
Asset Recognition Thre.~l10fd
Purclmses of property, plant and equipment are recognised initially at co I in the balance sheet, except for purchases costing less than $5 000, wh ich arc expensed in the year ofncquisition (other than wh ere they lbnn part of a group of similar items which are significant in total).
l11e initi al cost of an asset includes a11 estimate of the cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on wh ich it is locmed. Th is is particula rly relevant to 'nwkc good' provisions in prope11y lease.s taken up by the Lnstitute where there exists an obligation to restore the properly to its original conditi0 11. Currently the properly lease held by the lnstitnte does not l1nve a 'makegood' provision, hence 110 provisi.on for this has been brought to account.
Revtl/uo/ions
Fnir values for eacl1 class of asset are detenni11ed as sho\\ 11 below:
Asscl c-hus
t01fras1 rutwre, pion I & cquit>mcnl
l.ibrnl) " C~ ll cclion D c:p rcdD l cd n:p I ;H:~enu:-n t cost
following initinl recognition Rt cost, inlhstmcwre, plant and equipment ami library collec tion are carried at i11ir value less accumu lated depreciat ion nnd accumulated impairment losses. Vahmtions we re conducted
wi th sufficient frequency to ensure that the cat-ryiug amounts of assets di.d not diner materially from the
a sets fai1â‘ vahtes as at the rep01iing date. l11e regularity of independent valuations depends upon the volatilit y of mo vements in market values for the relevant assets.
T ile Library collection was Villned
Dewe ialion
Depreciable infrastructure, plnnt and equipment assets are wr itten-onâ‘ to their estimated residual values over tl1eir estimated useful lives to the lnstiltlt e using the straighi-line method of deprecia tion. l11c library
collection .is depreciated using tile reducing bal
Depreciation rates (useful lives), residual values and m ethods are reviewed at each reporting date and nccessaf>' adjustments are recognised in the current, or current and future reporting periods, as appropriate.
Depreciatio n rates applying to infrastructure, plant and equipment are based on a useful lif e of2 to I 0 years (2009-1 0: 2 to I 0 years).
94 Annual repotl 201 0-1 I
Impairment
A ll assets were assessed for impairment at 30 June 2011. W he(C indications of imp airment exi 1, lhc a set's recoverable amo unt is estimated and all impairment adjustment m ade ifl he a set's recoverable amoun t i s less than its c01rrying am oun t.
The recoverable am ount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its v01luc in usc. V<~luc in usc L the present value of the fLllurc cash nows expected to be derived from the asset. Where t.hc l11turc econom ic benefit of an asset is not primarily dependent on the nsset's ability to generate future cash nows , and the asset would be replaced if the lnstillltc were deprived of the as ct, its value in t1se is t::~kcn to be it depreciated replacemen t cost.
1.15 Intangibles
The Institute's i1llangibles comprise intcm ally developed software for int.c rnalu c. These <1sscts arc carried at cost less accumu lated amortisatio u and accumu lated impairment losses.
Sollw<~re is amortised on a straight-line basis over its anticipated useful life. Th e u cfullives oft he
fnstil11l e's oftware are 2to 5 years (2009-10: 2to 5 years).
A ll soH ware assets were assessed for indications ori mp <~inne nt as at 30 June 2011.
1.16 Tnxation
The Institute is exempt from all form of taxation except fringe benefits tax (FBT) and the good and services tax (GST).
Reve nues expenses and assets arc recognised net ofGST except: a) where the amount ofGST incurred is not recoverable (iâ‘ om the Australian Taxation Office; and b) for receivables and payablcs.
1.17 Com parative Figures
Co mp arative ligures have been <~cljus t ed to conform to changes in presentation in these financial statem ents wh ere required.
On l7 Decemb er 20 I 0 the Fina11cial Fram ework Legislati on Am endm ent Act 2010 (the Amendm ent Act) received royal assent. The A ct provides for am m endm cnts to the Institut e' enabling legislation, the Criminology l?e â‘ earch Act 1971 (CR Act) wh ich includes the merging of the C rim inology Rc earch Cou ncil (CRC) with the Jnstitutc and a change in governance arrangement from the current Co mm cmw eafth A IIII IOrili e â‘and Compa11ies Act /997 (CAC Act) to the Fiuancit/1 Ma nagem ent and A couutabilit y Act
1997 ( â‘MA Ac t).
These changes take effect as of I July 201 1.
The e events do not impact on the values reported in the linanc i <~l statements for the period to 30 June 20 II.
AIC financial statements 95
Note 3: Expenses
1 ote 3A: E mploye benefits
Wages and salaric uperannuation: Defined contributio n plan Leave and other cntitlcm nt cparation and redundancies Total employe benefitâ‘
Travel IT Service Other tal good and crvi c
ood and , ervi ar made up of: Rendering of services- related entities Rendering of ervicc - external part ics Total goods and crviccs
I her uppli r e p nse pcrali ng lea c rcnlnl -related cntilie : Min imum lease paymen t W orkers compcn ation expenses Total other uppli r e â‘ pcnscs Total uppli r exp n c
morâ‘tis:llion
Infrast ructure, plant and equipment Libmry oil ction Total depreciation
Intangib les: om putcr onware
Tot, I amorti ation Total depreciation and amortisation
96 /\nnual rept 1 I 20 I 0 11
2011
4 081 62
604,492
1,324,864
91,422
199.721 3 10,882
1 010,959 2 937,848
338,722 2,599 126 2,9 7 848
467,729 10,468
478,197
3 416 045
86,817 11,146
97,96
14,720 14,720
112,683
2010
4,046,761 65 II
560,665
1,543,268 210,114
195,166
279,0 5 91 ,906 3,144,539
205,808 2,938,731 3,144,539
464,963
14,558 479,521
3,624,060
80,945
26,1 5 26,195 120,453
Note 4: Income
RCE REVE UE
Rendering of service -related cntiti c Rendering of service -external parties Total nlc of good and renderin g or crvicc
Tot:1l intcre t
Not 4 : Sale of Assets Infra â‘ tructure plant ;md equipm ent Proceeds from sale nrrying value of asset ld
clling expense
2011 2010
935,723 686,424
1,023,955 1,055,37 1,959,678 1,741,797
237 748 121,565
237 748 121,565
145
'ct gain from , ale of as ets 145
ot 40: Revenue from Govcm111 nl Attorncy-Gencrnl's Department: A Act body payment item
Totnl revenue from Government
The In tilute received il (2 I 0: Nil) under the Paid Parental Leave chcmc
~otc 5: Financial Assets
ole SA: Cash and Ca h Equivalents ash on hand or on depo it
vcrnight and term deposits Total cush and cnsh equivalent
ood and crvices-extcmal parti
Totnl rccci able for good and ctâ‘vi
thcr rcceil " l.tble : ,ST receivable from the Austrulinn Tnxation Office lnlcre 'l receivable I her receivable
Total other rercivable
Tot:lltrad and other receivnbl (n I)
' 1 ov rdue
vcrclue by: 0 to 30 days 31 to 60 days
61 to 90 days
follow:
More than 90 days â‘Totll lrccciv:lble (g " â‘os )
rc civablcs are impa ired.
6,770 000 6 770 000
2011
5,413,492
5,413,492
115,235 73,368 188,603
22,495 9 304
31,799
220,402
220,133
269
220,402
l'otal tmde and ther recei abies are c peered to be recovered in n more than 12 m nths.
7,254,000 7,254,00
2010
67,302 2,814,738 2 " " 82,040
14,761
2 599
311, 6
8 267 11,390 19,657
331 017
293,467
37,550
3 1,017
AIC lu1ancral statements 97
Note 6: Non-Financial Assets -_ â‘â‘ -â‘~
Infrastructure, plant and equipment (excluding Librar collection): Fair value Accumulated deprcciat i n Total infr:1structu re planl and equipment (Excluding ibnuy collection) Libntr collcclion:
Fair value Accumu lated depreciation Total Jjbrary collection Total infrastmcture, 1>lant and equipment (non-current)
Revaluation s of non-finan ial assets
2011
s
651 ,640 (276,427)
J75,2JJ
995,595 (899,630) 95,965 471 178
2010 $
604,110 (\89,610)
414 500
991 474
(8 484)
102,990 517 490
A ll revaluntions were conducted in accordance with the revaluation policy stated at Note I. 14. o revaluations were conducted in 20 I 0-11. In 2009-t 0 nn independent valuer, AON Risk Services, conducted a revaluation of the Library collection. There was no revalualion movement forth Libra!) ' Collection in the a et revaluation re crve for 20 II (20 I 0: $27,754 decrement). No decrem nt was expensed.
No indicators of impairmen t were fotmd for infrastructure plant and equipment
o property plant or equipment is expected to be sold or disposed of within the nex.t 12 months.
Note 6B: Intangibles
Computer flware at co I Accmm1latcd amortisation Total intangibles (non-current)
No indicators ofimpairm nt were found for intangible ass ts.
98 Anmralrepod 2010 11
52 390 (52.390)
52 390 (37,670) l4,720
)>
15orote 6: Non-Financial Assets
ote 6C: Reeonciliation of the opening and clo ing balances of infrastructure. plant and equipment and intangibles (2010-11)
As at 1 July 2010 Gross book value Accumulated depreciation/amortisation and impaim1ent Net book value 1 July 2010 Additions:
by purchase Revaluations and impairments recognised in other comprehensive income Depreciation/amortisation expense et book value 30 June 2011
et book value as of 30 June 2011 repr en ted b : Gross book value Accumulated deprcciation/am orti ation and impairmenL
Infra tructure, plant and equipment (excluding L ibrary collection )
$
604,110 (189,61 0) 414 500
47 530
651.640 (276,427) 375,213
Library Collection $
991 474 (888,484)
102,990
4 121
(II' 146) 95,965
995.595 (899,630) 95 965
lntangible $
52 390 (37,670) 14,720
(14 720)
52,390 (52.390)
Total
1,647,974 (1 115,764)
532,210
51 651
(112,683) 471 178
l 699 625 (1 228 447)
471,178
0 Note 6C (Continued) : Reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of infrast.-u cture. plant and equipment and intangibles (2009-1 0) 0
1\:1 c As at 1 July 2009
I _. Gross book value
Accumulated depreciation/amortisation and impairment Net book value 1 July 2009 Additions: by purchase
Revaluations and impairments recognised in other comprehensive income Depreciation /amortisation expense Net book value 30 June 2010
Net book value as of 30 June 2010 represented by: Gross book value Accumulated depreciation /amortisation and impairment
Infrastructure, plant and equipment (excluding Library collection)
$
597,807 (146,754) 451,053
44.392
(80,945) 414,500
604,110 (189 610) 414,500
Library Collection $
1,077,229 (937 877) 139,352
4,705 (27,754) (13,313) 102 990
991 ,474 (888,484) 102.990
Intangibles $
81,218 (40,303) 40.915
(26,195) 14,720
52,390 (37.670) 14.720
Total $
1,756,254 (I, 124,934) 63 1,320
49 097 (27,754) (120,453) 532,210
1,647 974 (I 115,764)
532,210
No te 6D: Other non-fin:wcial a
Prepayments Total other non-fimmcial assets
No indicators of imp airment were found for o!l1er non-financinl asset .
2010 $
182,293 182,293
Total other non-financial as ct are expected to be recovered in no more than 12 months
2009
177,933 177,933
~Q"te 7: Payables â‘
ot 7A: Snpuliers Trade creditors and accruals perating lease rentals Totnl upplier )J:tyable
upplier payable expected to b cttl cd within 12 month : Related entities â‘xternal parties Total uppliers payable
Sclllcmenl was usually made within 30 days.
uperannuation Separ. lions and redundancies th r Employee allowances payable Pr payments received/un arned incom
T payable to A TO
iher Total other payablcs
Total other payablcs arc e â‘ pccted to be settled in: No mo re than 12 month More than 12 months 'otal other payable
20JJ $
624,178 37,703 661 881
31,838 630,043 661,881
126,973 12,041
50,307 2,761,314
13,934 2,964,569
1 253,933 1,710,636 2 964 569
2010 $
731 ,828
45,936 777,764
3,150 774 614 777,764
83 537 13,768
67 632 254,642 76,020 6,067 50 I ,666
501 ,666
501 666
~ote 8: Provisions . . â‘
ot SA: Employee Provisions nnunl Lt>ave Long ervice Lea e App inlment fees Totnl mployee pro isions
" lll)Jlo c provisions nrc xpecl II to be settled in: o more than 12 m onths
Mo re than 12 months Totnl emp loyee prO\'.i ions
2011 $
296 343
451,913 12 Sl2
760,768
316,285 444,484 760,769
2010 $
360,179
516,593
876,772
356,997 519,775 876 772
AtC financial statements 101
Note 9: Cash Flow Reconciliation â‘ â‘-
Reconciliation of a h and ca h cquh " alents as per Bnlanc h et to n h Flow tntcmcnt
n h nnd ca h quivnl nl a per:
2 11
a h now tatem Ill 5,413,492
Balance sheet 5 413,492
Difference
Reconciliation of n t cost or services to net cash f1â‘om operating n tivitics:
Net cost of services (6 636,851)
Add revenue from Gove rnm ent 6,770,00()
Adju. tment for non-cnsh items
Depreciation/a111or tisation Loss I (gain) on di po al of a sets
Changes in n et â‘I linbilitie â‘
(Increase) I deer a e in net receivables Increase) I dccrea e in prepayment
lncrea e I decrea e) in employee pro isions Increase I (decrease) in supplier payables lncrea c I (de rca e) in other payable ct ca h from (u cd b ) operating acti itic
Note 10: Contingent Liabilities and Assets
There were no contingencies at 30 June 20 II or 30 June 20 I 0.
There were no unquantiliable contingencies at 30 June 20 II or 30 June 20 I 0.
11 2 683
110 615
(4, 60) (1 I 004)
(115 883) 2 462,903 2 583,103
2010 s
2,882,040
2 882,040
(7,247,561)-7,254,000
120,453 (145)
(23,924)
59,936
(60 041)
(99,318)
(407,966) (404 566)
,Note II: Directors' Remunerati01i . , :
The numb e " â‘ of non-e â‘ cutive directors of the AIC in ludcd in the c figure nrc â‘h ' n below in the relev
$1 I â‘ 29,99
Totnl
o111l remuneration recei ed or due and receivable by direct r or the AI .
2011
No.
8
I
9
2 538
2010
No.
9
I
10
1,827
he direct rs fthe AI ' ere appointed as per Section 9 of the Crimi11ology Researc/1 Acl/971 and consisted ofth Director, three member appointed by the Attorney-G neral and four member appointed by the riminology Research ouncil.
The directors of the AI (other than the chair) were not remunerated by the AIC.
Remuncrati n of executive directors is included in Note 13: S~;nio r xeeuti e Remunera tion.
102 AI nuâ‘tl r port 2010 11
Note 12: Related Party Disclosures ' 1
Dircclors o/fl,e A IC The Boo rd of 11anagement during the yet1r were: Profcs or Richard Fox A~ 1. 1 ( hair), 1\ " lonn h University , Victoria Dr Adnm M Tomison Director Aus tmlian lilStitut e of Criminology
Mr John Lawler APM , Chief Executive Officer, Australian C rime om mission Mr lain Anderson, First Assi tnnl ccrctnry , Criminal Justice Division. t\llomcy-Gcncral's Dcpm1men t, 'ommonwcall h Is Penny Am 1ytage, Secrelal) " , Department of Justice, Victoria
M Ingrid 1-laythorpe, -xecutive Dire 1 r. l>oJicy Planning & Lcgi I:Jti n ivision A Horney General's Depar1men t, South Australia
" 1r Laurie Glanfield AM , Director - en ral, Departmclll of A Horney cncral & Justice, ew South Wales Ms hcryl Gwilliam, Directmâ‘ -Gcncl'a I Department oft he Attomey G ncm l, We stern Australia
Mr R ichard Coates Director , Oflicc oft he Director of Pt1blic Pro ccution , Department of Juslice, N011hem Territory lr Te1Ty Ryan Acting Deputy Dire tor-General, Juâ‘ tice crviee , D partm nt of Justice and Auo rney G ncral, Queensland
(to 30/06/11 )
(to 30/06/11) to 30/06/11)
(to 24/03/11 ) (to 24103/11 )
(to 30/06/11 )
(to 30/06/11)
(from 24/03111 to 30/06/11)
(from 24/03/1 I to 30/06111
rcmb r hip oft he Board of Ma nagement of the AI com prised the director oft he AIC, tllfe e membea n min111cd by the Com monwe allh Atlorncy-Genera l and four members nominated by the Crimi11ology Re. e rch ouncil (CRC).
The AI ~tdv i sed the C R in relation lo criminological research ~nd provided in-kind support for the provi ion of services relating to editin g and pub! ishing, website design, mana gem ent and hosting services , seer lariat and financial services. The AJ also received â‘ 89,265 from the CR for the â‘crv iecs of a research fellow.
The aggregate remune ration of Direct rs i disclosed in tc II.
Note 13: Senior ExccutiYC Remuneration '
rnl"ion Ex pense for the Reporting Period
2011 2010
s
hort-tenn employee benefit s: alary 412,695 413,290
Annua l leave accrued 34 818 33,382
Performance bonuses 12 207 11,625
Motor vehicle and other allowance 21374 67,917
otnl hort-term emploâ‘ . cc bencfil. 481,094 526,214
J>oslâ‘ -cmplo) " mcnt bcnelil
upcra1111Uation 60,686 59,772
Tolnl ro t-employmcnt benefits 60 686 59,772
!'her long-tel'm benefits: Long service leave 10 574 11,952
Otlll other long-term bcnclil 10,574 11,952
Tcnnination benefits Total 552,354 597,938
ate 13A excludes acting arrangem ents and part-year services where remun eratio n expensed for a seni r cxcbllivc wa s le s than $150,000
AIC financial statements 1 03
Note 9: Cash Flow Reconciliation â‘ "
Reconciliation of en h and ca h equivalents as per Balance Sheet to a h Flow tat mcn t
a hand a. h equi a Ienis as per: ash now tatemcnt Balance sheet Diff r nee
Reconciliation of net cost of services to net cash from operating nctivilics: N et cost of services Add revenue from overâ‘ nmc11L
Adjustment for non-cash it ms
Depreciation/mnortisation Loss I (gain) on disposal or assets
hangc â‘ in n â‘set /liabililic .~ (ln:::rcase) I decrease in net receivables (In l'ease) I de rc sc in prepaym ents Increase I (decrea c) in emp loyee provisions
1ncrea c I (decrease) in supplier payables
Inc rea e I (dec rea c) in o1her payable
Net en h from (u ed l>y) operating activities
2011
-413,492 -,413,492
(6 636,851) 6,770,000
112 683
II 0 615 (4, 60) (116,004) (115, 83)
2,462,903 2 83 103
2010 s
2,882,040 2,882,040
(7,247 561) . 7,254 000
120,453 (145)
(23,924) 59,936 (60 041) (99,318) (407,966) (404,566
Note 10: Contingent Liabilities and Assets ~
Th ere we re no contingencies at30 June 2011 or 30 June 2010.
Th ere we re no un(Juanti fiable contingencies at 30 June 20 II or 30 June 20 I 0.
!'J(lte l J: pirectol's' Rernunerat 'ion _ _. _â‘
The n umlJ r of non-executive directors of the IC included in these ligures or hown below in I he relcvan.t remuneration bands:
I I $29,999 Total
T tal rem unerali n recei ed or due and recei able by dir ctor of the AI .
201 1
0.
8
I
9
2 538
2010
0.
9
I
10
I 827
The direct r s of the A l were appointed a per Section 9 of the riminology Reseorcft A 1 197 1 and consisted of the Directorâ‘, three m emb ers I'IJll>ointed by the Attorney-General and four memb ers appointed by the riminology Rescflrâ‘ch Co unciL
The director of the AJ (other tlum the chair) were not remu nerated by the A I
Remun eration of excctlli ve <:1 irectors is i ncluded in Note J3: Senior Execul ivc Rcmuncr at ion.
102 Anmml report "J010 It
Noft ~ 12: Related Party Disclosures ~
Director of the AIC The Board of Management during the year were: Professor Richard Fox AM ( hair), Monas h University, Victoria Dr Adam M Tomison Director, Australian Institute of Criminology Mr John Law ler APM, hid' Exccutiv flicer, Austmlian Crime omm i â‘ sion
lr lain Anderson, Firâ‘ t A istalll ccrctary, riminal JL!slice Divi ion, It rncy-General's Depa11mcnt, ommonwcallh
M Penn Armylagc, Secretary, Department of Justice Victoria " I Ingrid Haythorpc Executive Director, Policy Planning & Legi lntion Divi ion, Attomcy General's D partmcnl uth Australia
Mr Lauric Jan field AM D irect r- cneral, D partment f Attomey Ge ncrnl & Justice, cw South Wales
Ms her) " I Gwi lliam, Director - en era I, Department of lhe A tlom cy CIICral, Western A ustralil'l M t' Richard Coa tes, Director, Office of the Director of Public Pro ccution , Dcpartm 111 of Justice, Northern Territory Mr Terry Ryan Ac ting Deputy Direct r-Gcncral, Justice crvicc , Department of Ju Lice and It mcy ncral, Queensland
(to 30/06/J I)
(10 30/0611 l)
(to 30/06/11)
(to 24/03/11 (to 24/0 Ill)
(to 30/ 6/11)
(to 30/06/11)
(from 24/03/11 to 30/06/11 )
from 24/03/1 I to 30/0611 I)
Membership of the Board of 1anagement of the AIC comprised the director of the AIC, three members nominated by the Commonwealth Att mey-General and four members nominated by the Criminology R earch ouncil ( RC).
The AI ~dviscd the CR in rclati n to criminological research and provided in-kind support for the provision of services relating to editing and 1mb I islting, website design, management and hosting services, sccreta rint and linat\cial services. The AI also received 89 265 fromth CR for the services of a research fellow.
The aggregate remuneration or Direct r is disclosed in 'ot II.
Note 13: Senior Executive Remuneration
2011 2010
hort-tcrm employee l:tenllfit : nlary 412,695 413,290
Annua l leave accrued 34 818 33,382
Performance bonuses 12 207 11 ,625
otor vehicle and other ollowauc 21 374 67,917
Total ho1â‘t-tcrm emplo cc benefit 481 094 526,214
Po t-Cllllllo) " mcnt bcncnts Sttperatlnuation 60,686 59,772
'fotal llost-cmployment bcnclits 60,686 59,772
th r long-term benefit : L ng ervice leave 10 574 11,952
Total other long-term benefit 10 574 II 952
Tem1ination benefits Total 552 354 597,9 8
ole IJA excludes acting arrangements and part-year services w here remuneration expensed for a senior
executive wa less than . 150,000
/\IC financial statements 103
c
.!..
Note 13'8: Average Annual Remuneration Packages and Bonus Paid for Substantive Senior Ex-ecutives :IS :lt the end of the Reporting Period
as at 30 June 2011 Fixed elements
Senior
Fixed Elements and Bonus Paid 1
Executives Salary Allowance;; Tot:~ I
Total remuneration (including part-time arrangements): $150.000 to S 179.999
No. $ s $
$180,000 to $209,999 162,750 22,000 184,750
$270.000 to $299.999 1 291,854 291,854
Total 2
Notes: I. This table reports substantive senior executives who were employed by the entity at the end of the reporting period. Fixed clements were based on the employment agreement of each individual. Each row represents an average annualised figure (based on headcount) for the individuals in that remuneration package band (i.e. the 'Total' column).
2. This represents average actual bonuses paid during the reporting period in that remuneration package band. The 'Bonus paid' was excluded from the 'Total' calculation. (tor the purpose of detcnnining remuneration package bands). 1l1c 'Bonus paid' within a particular band may vary between financi al years due to various factors such as individuals commencing with or leaving the entity during the financia l year.
Variable Elements: With the exception of bonuses. variable ell!ments were not included in the 'Fixed Elements and Bonus Paid' table above. The
(a) Bonuses: " Bonuses were based on the performance raring of each individual. The maximum bonus that an individua l can receive was I 0 per cent of his/her base salary.
(b) On average senior executives were enritled to the following leave entitlements: â‘Annual Leave (AL): entitled to 20 days (201 0: 20 days) each full year worked (pro-rara tor pan-rime SES): " Personal Leave (PL ): entitled to I days (20 10: I 8 days) or part-time equi alent: and " Long S.,rvice Leave! {LSL): in accordance with Long Se!rvice Leave (Commonwea lth Employees) Act 1976.
(c) Senior executives were members of the following supera11nuation fund: " Public Sector Superannuation Scl1eme (PSS): this scheme is closed to new members. with current employer contributio ns wen;: s~t at 15.4 per cent (20 I 0: 15.4 per cent) (includin g productivity component). More information on PSS can be found at http://www.ps .. gov.au:
(e) Various salary sacrifice arrangements were available to senior executives including super, motor vehicle and expense payment fringe benefits.
Note 13C: Other Hi"hlv Paid Staff
Bonus paid% $
J 1,625
During the reporting period, there were no other employe¢s that were not senior executive and whose salary plus performance bonus were S 150.000 or more.
as at 30 June 2010 Fixed clements
Senior Executives Salary A11owances Total Bonus pai~
o. s $ s $
155.000 22.000 177.000 14,500
280.351 280.351
2
[NoJe 14: Remuneration .ofAuditors ~~
Financial statement audit services we re provided to the AIC by the A uditor
General.
The fair value of the services provided was: Total
o other crvices were provided by the auditors of the financia l statements .
2011 $
26,000 26,000
2010 $
25 850 25,850
[Note is: Fin~n~i~~ In~truments â‘ â‘. . â‘ , , . : - .. ~
N ote lSA: Categories of Financiallnstruments Financial Assets Loans and receivables: Cash at bank
Receivables for goods and service Interest receivable
Other receivables Carrying amount of linancial assets
.Financial Liabilities Other financial liabilities Trade creditors and accruals Ope rating lease rentals Carrying amount of financial liabilitie s
N ote lSB: Net income and expense from financial assets Loans and recch 1ables Interest revenue (see note 48) Ne t gain loans and receivables Net gain from financial assets
. Note ISC: Ne t income and expense from financial liabilities
The AJC does not have any incom e or expenses llâ‘om financial liabili ties.
Note ISD : "air value of financial instruments
2011 2010
$ $
5,413,492 2,882,040
188 603 311,360
9,304 8,267
11,390
5,611,399 3,213,057
624,178 731 828
37,703 45,936
661.881 777 764
237,748 121,565
237,748 l21,565
237,748 121,565
The carrying amo unt of all financia I assets and liabilities is a reasonable approximation of fair value.
AIC financial statements 105
Note ISE: Credit R isl\
The AJC is exposed to minimal credit risk as the majority of loans and receivables are cash trade receivables or amounts owed by the Australian Tax Office in the form of a Goods and Services Tax refund. The maximum exposure to credit risk. is the risk that arises from potential default of a debtor. This amo11nt is equal to the totnl amount of trade and other receivables (20 II: $220 402 and 20 l 0: $33 1,0 17). The AIC has assessed the risk of the default on paym ent and has not made an allowance for this as all debts are expected to be recovered in full.
The AIC mana ges its credit risk by entering into contracts with partie s and by having progressive milestone paym euts. ln addition, the A IC has policies and procedures that guide employees in debt recovery teclmiques that are to be applied.
The AIC has no significant exposures to any concentrations of credit risk.
The AlC holds no collatera l to mitigate against credit risk.
Credit quality offimmcial instnunents not past due or individua lly determined as impaired: Not Past ot Past Past due
Due Nor Due Nor but not
Im11aired Impaired impaired 2011 2010 2011
Cash at bank 5,413,492 2,882,040
Past due but not impair d 2010
- -
Receivables for Goods and Services 188,334 273,810 269 37,550
Interest Receivable 9,304 8 267 - -
Other Receivable - 11,390 - -
Total S,6l1 ,130 3,175 507 269 37,550
Ageing of financia l assets that are past due but not im paired for 201 J: 0 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 90+
days days days days Total
Receivables tor Goods and Services 269 - - - 269
Total 269 - - - 269
Ageing of financial assets that are past due but not impaiJâ‘ed for 2010â‘ 0 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 90+
days days days days Total
Receivables for Goods and Services 37,550 - - - 37,550
Total 37,550 - - - 37,550
The AJC has no impaired financial assets.
Note lSF: Liquidity l"isk
The AIC's financial liabili ties arc payables only. T he exposure to liquidity risk is based on the notion thatlhe AlC will encounter difficulty in meeting its obligations associated with financial liabilities. Thi is highly unlikely due to appropriation funding and internal policies and procedures put io place to ensure there are appropriate resources to meet its financial obligations.
The AIC receives appropriated fimding fiâ‘om the Australian Government with some fun.ding generated through the provision of services. The Authority man ages its budgeted funds to ensure it has ad quate funds to meet paym ents as they fall due. In addition, the AI has policies in place to ensure payments are made when due and has no past experience of default. Trade creditors are paid on demand .
106 Annua l reporl2010-11
N ote lSG: Marl
The AJC holds basic financial instrum ents that do not expose it to certain m arket risks. The Al is not exposed to 'currency risk' oJâ‘ 'other price risk' .
Interest Rote Risk
Interes t rate risk refers to the risk thai lJlC fair value of future cash nows of a t inancial instrument wi ll nuctuale because of changes in m arket interest rates. The AlC is exposed to interest r ate risk prim arily liâ‘om loans and receivables.
The follow ing table is a sensitivity analysis of the risk that the AJC entity is exposed to:
s 1 â‘ n r. . I d 130 1 ensltiVJty ana ys1s â‘ or 1nancw year en e( une 201 1 Risk Change in Effect on
variable risk Profit and Equity
variable loss 20 11 20 11
Interes t r ate risk Interest 1.75% 94,736 94,736
Sensitivity analysis for financial year ended 30 June 20 I 0 Risk Change in Effect on
variable risk Profit and Eq uity
variable loss
20 10 20 1.0
Interes t rate risk Interest 1.50% 43,231 43,231
Note 16: CoQJpensation and Debt Relief â‘ ' â‘ -
No paym ents were m ade for comp ensation or debt relief during 20 I 0-1 I (2009-1 0 no paym ents m ad }.
Note 17: Assets Held i.n. Trust / ,.
M onetary assets The AlC is trustee of funds held in a t rust account on behalf of the Aus trali an Crim e and Violence Prevention A wards. Th ese are designed to reward good practice in the prevention or reduction of violence and other types of crim es in A ustralia and encourage local public initiati ves at the grass roots level and to assist governm ents identify and develop practical projects that will reduce violence and other types of crim e in the com m unity. These mon ies
are not available for other purposes ofthe A IC and are not recognised in the tinancial statem ents.
A ustralian C rime and V iolence Prevention Awa rds Trust Account Open ing Balance Receipts during the year Interest r eceived
Available for paym ents Paym ents mad e Closiug Balauce
2011 201 0
$ $
121,002 97,041
120 117 154,205
3,718 2,009
244,837 253 255
( ll3,830) (132,253)
131,007 12l,002
A IC financial sta tements i 07
Note 18: Reporting of Outcomes â‘â‘
O utcome I Total
201 I 2010 2011 2010
$ s $ s
[Expenses 8,891,107 9,160,775 8,891,107 9,160,775
Income from non-government sector
Provision of services 1,023,955 I ,055,373 1,023,955 1.055,373
Totnl 1,023,955 I ,055,373 1,023,955 I ,055,373
[Other own-source income
Sale of goods and services to Related Parties 935 723 686,424 935,723 686,424
Interest 237 748 121,565 237,748 121 565
Royalties 56 712 45,214 56,712 45,214
Other 118 4,493 118 4,493
Total other externnl income 1!_230,301 857,696 1,230,301 857,696
[Gains Sale or Assets - 145 - 145
Total ~nins - 145 - 145
[Net cosU(contribution) of outcome delivery 6,636,851 7,247,561 6,636,851 7,247,561
Outcome I is described inN tc 1.1. Net co I shown include intra-g ernment costs that arc eliminated in calculating tl1e a tun I Buduel Outcome.
108 1 nual repo 201 11
Outcome I Total
Outcome 1 2011 2010 2011 201 0
$ s; $ $
EX JlCliSCS
Emp loyee bcrtelit s 5,137,690 5,373,262 5,137,690 5,373,262
!Suppliers 3,416,045 3,624,060 3,416,045 3,624,060
Grants 224,689 43,000 224,689 43,000
Depreciation and am ortisatio n I 12,683 120,453 J 12,683 120,453
Losses from asset sales - - - -
Total 8,891, I 07 9,160,775 8,891,107 9,160 775
Income:
Revenue from Governmen t 6,770,000 7,254,000 6,770,000 7,254,000
Sn le of goods and rendering of services 1,959,678 1,741 797 1,959,678 1,741,797
Interest 237,748 121,565 237,748 121,565
Roya lties 56,712 45,214 56,712 45,214
Other revenue lJ8 4,493 118 4,493
Total 9,024,256 9,167 069 9,024,256 9 167,069
Assets:
Cash nnd cnsh equivalents 5,413,492 2 882,040 5,413,492 2 882,040
Trade and other receivables 220,402 33 1,017 220,402 33I,Ol7
Infrast ructure, plant and equipm ent 471,178 517,490 471 ,178 517,490
Intangibles - 14,720 - 14,720
Other non-financial assets 182,293 177,933 182,293 177,933
To t::~ I 6,287,365 3,923 200 6,287,365 3,923,200
Liabilities:
Suppliers 661,881 777,764 661 ,881 777,764
Other payables 2,964,569 501,666 2 964,569 501,666
Employee provisions 760,768 876 772 760 768 876,772
Total 4,387,218 2,156 202 4 387 218 2,156,202
Outcome I is described in Note I. I. el cost shown include intra-government costs that are eliminated in calculatin g the actual Budget Outcom e.
AJC financta l statements 109
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
Th e year in review
The year 2010-11 has
been anotl1er very
productive period for
the Criminology Research
Council as it has continued
to support the field of
criminological research.
Despite a reduction in the
Commonwealth funding
contribution as part of the 2010-11 whole-of "
government efficiency measure, there were six new
research grants approved during the year, initiating
an interesting range of research relevant to current
and future public policy issues.
Projects included Hom icide in the Night-Time
Economy, and Understand ing Criminal Careers
to reduce Indigenous over-representation.
The CRC also continued to support a number of
existing research grants, while three research grants
were comp leted, with their final reports approved by
the Council. These projects were:
" Jury sentencing review
" Assessing the therapeutic climate of prisons
Q Sudanese refugee experiences with the
Queensland criminal justice system .
During the year research findings from CRC grants
on crime in neighbourhoods, and jury sentencing,
were released as AIC Trends & Issues in Crime and
Criminal Justice papers. A Consu ltancy on
correctional offender treatment programs was also
completed and released as an A IC Research and
Public Policy report and as a Trends & Issues paper.
Four additional research grants were comp leted and provided final reports which w ill be considered by the new Criminology Research Advisory Council (see below) In the 2011-12 financial year. These projects were:
112 Annual repo1l 20 I 0-1 i
o Oral language competence and interpersonal
violence: Exploring links in incarcerated young
males
o Ch ild sexual abuse and subsequent offending
and victimisation: A 45-year follow-up study
e Amplletamine use among detainees at he East
watch house: Wha t is the impact on crime?
" ID scanner in the night-time economy: Social
sorting or social order?
With regard to Council membership, one new
council memb er was appointed this year-Mr lain
Ande rson, replacing Ms Elizabeth Kelly as the
Member for the Commonwealth. One council
member also resigned this year-Ms Ingrid
Haythorpe, the Member for South Australia.
Cessation of the Crim ino logy Research Counci l
In late 2010, the Australian Government legislated
amendments to the Criminology Research Act 1971 which will merge the AIC and the CRC, and transfer them, on 1 July 2011 from governance under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act
1997 to a single entity (the AIC) regulated under the Financial Management and Accountabl7ity Act 199 7.
The year 2010-11 therefore marks the last year that the CRC w ill operate as a separate statutory authority. The primary function of the Council has always been to support research that is relevant to current and future public policy issues, foster the undertaking of quality crim inological research and ensure that CRC-supported research is disseminated effectively. Und er the new legislated arrangements, the AIC assumes the responsibili ty for the annua l CRC research grants program - making research grants that take account of the advice from
the new Crimi[lology Research Advisory Counc il.
The Council is pleased that the highly successful
CRC research grants program will continue on as the re-named AIC Criminology Research Grants
program. Existing state and territory members of the
CRC will also continue to advise and recommend
research grants as they will form the membe rship of the new Criminology Research Adv isory Counc il.
The Council will also advise the Director AIC on the
A IC's strategic research priorities and
communica tion functions.
Under these new arrangements, all jurisdictions will
continue to provide funds annually for the purposes
of making Criminology Research grants-and importantly, there is no major ch nge to the annual
research grants process, the C riminology Resea rch
Gran ts program will continue to foster and support
research that is relevant to current and future public
policy issues.
I would like to thank Council members for their hard work throughout the year, and for current and
previous serving memb ers for their contributions to tl e success of the CRC resea rch grants and I look
forward to working with current members again as
the new Chair of the Criminology Research Advisory
Council in 2011-12.
Finally, on behalf of the CRC , I wo uld like to express my appreciation to Dr A dam Tomison, Director AIC, Mr Peter Hom el, Aca demic Adviser to the Council, M s Katalina Bradley (CR C Gra nts Administrator) and
the staff of the Australian Institute of Criminology for
their exceptional support througl1out tl1e year and
to the 2010-11 CRC Assessment Panel Members "
Professor Alan Borowski and Associate Professor David lndermaur for their reviews of grant
applications.
Laurie Glanfield AM
Chairman
Criminology Research Council
Criminology Research Council 113
Agency overview
The CRC was established by the Criminology Research Act 1971 and is an integral part of a state,
territory and Australian Government approach to research crim inological issues in Australia today.
Tt)e principal objectives of the CRC are to support research that is relevant to current and future public policy issues, foster tile undertaking of quality criminological research and ensure that CRC " supported research is disseminated effectively.
The CRC provides a forum for attorneys-general around Australia and their representatives to assess needs in the field of crim inological research and to fund specific research projects in universities, government agencies and elsewhere. The fund receives contributions every year from the Australian Government and state and territory governments.
Research funded by the Council addresses the National Research Priorities in a number of ways. Priority Areas 4 and 2- Protecting Australia from terrorism crime and Strengthening Australia's social
and economic fabric-are of particular relevance.
Research has improved the evidence base for policy and practice, as well as public awareness of major types of offending, victimisat ion risk factors and effective measures to reduce and prevent crime.
Tile Council's funds may be disseminated tl1rough the research grants program, as well as via a consultancy program. For its consultancies, the
11 4 A nnua l report 20 l 0-1 I
Council identifies topics of policy importance for research and then deve lops proposals that are publicly advertised. These consultancies are designed to meet highly specific objectives to wl1ich the Council has accorded priority. Such research, for example , could be designed to contribute to, or
complement, the worl< of national initia tives by other organisations or state and territory initiatives that have clear policy or best practice implications for other governments within Australia.
Through the AIC's JV Barry library, the CRC-funded research reports are listed on Libraries Australia and also on CINCH- the Australian criminology database - wh ich is publicly available online. With hundreds of librari es Australia-wide participating in Libraries Australia, CRC reports receive wide
coverage. Details of CRC -funded projects and the reports submitted in fulfilment of the projects, are posted on the CRC's website.
Under grant funding arrangements, grantees are able to distribute their final report themselves. Many researcl1ers choose to publish in the form of reports and journal articles, making their research readily available to the community. They also distribute copies to appropriate government departments and agencies. Grantees also provide a draft paper, which may be produced for publication in the AIC 's Trends & Issues series or, where appropriate, in the Research and Public Policy series.
~-~~-- - . ..-~~T ...... --..-
I::Cnmmmogy " Research Council procedures flowchc:Ht -l... --â‘ " J " ~. - â‘-11"'~ ... - â‘â‘~
Crimi n olog~â‘ Resea rch Council 115
Governance
Enabling legislation The CRC was established under section 34 of
the Criminology Research Act 1971 as a body
corporate. The functions of the CRC, as stated
in section 40 of the Act are:
. . . to control and administer the Fund in
accordance with Part IV and, for that purpose,
to examine, and determine the relative importance and urgency of, projects for which
tile expend iture of moneys from the Fund may
be authorised.
In the 2010-11 Portfolio Budget Statement,
the CRC had one outcome:
Criminological research by funding projects
relevant to the public policy of both Australian
and State and Territory Governments.
The principal objective of the CRC is:
... to support research which is relevant to
current and future public policy issues, foster
the undertaking of quality criminological research
and ensure CRC-supported criminological
research is disseminated effectively.
This is achieved by:
" consulting with Australian, state and territory governmen ts to determine research priorities
" providing monies to facilitate the conduct of, or otherwise supporting, impartial and policy-relevant research
" keeping key stakeholders informed of Council
activities
" working cooperatively with Australian, state and territory governmen t agencies and other
organisations
" regularly consulting with the Australian criminal justice community as to the activi ties and directions of the Counc il
116 Annual repoil 2010-11
o actively disseminating research findings to
policymal
both in Australia and internationally.
The CRC's deliverable is:
research reports based on identified needs
and priorit ies .
The Council The Counc il does not employ adm inistrative
staff members ; the AIC provides secretariat and
administrative services. These include the provision
of internal auditing of the Council's activities as well
as participation in the AIC 's internal governance
structure which is designed to ensure compliance
with statutory and other external requirements aimed
at achieving best practice in admin istrative and
financial management. The AIC advises the Council
in relation to the need for criminological research as
required under the Act.
The Council consists of nine members who
represent the Australian Government and state
and territory governments . Th is composition ensures
that areas targeted for research funding reflect both
national and state and territory priorities.
The Australian Government representative is
appointed by the Attorney-General; state and
territory representatives are appointed by the
Attorney-General on the nomination of the
responsible state or territory minister .
The Council meets three times a year and broadly
dedicates the meetings to the following issues:
" Ma rch/April-establish Counc il strategies
and priorities for the forthcoming year
" July/August-target specific areas for
consultancies and strategic development
" November - allocate general grants.
Members and meetings are Identified in Appendix 1 .
The Council funds a Research Fellow, who is located within the AIC and undertakes research at the direction of the Council. Dr Lorana Bartels was appointed and commenced duty on 17 September 2007 on a part-time basis. In 2010-11, Dr Bartels
produced the following reviews, reports and papers for the Council, as well as assisting in the Council's research activit ies:
" Crime prevention programs for culturally and
lingui stically diverse communities in Australia.
Research in Practice no. 18
" Knife crime: Incidence, aetiology and responses.
Technical and Background Paper no. 45
" Knife crime: Recent data on carriage and use. Trends & Issues fn Crime and Criminal Justice
no. 417
" Diversion programs for Indigenous women.
Research in Practice no. 13
" Indigenous women's offending: A literature review.
Research and Public Policy Series no. 1 07
" The scope and impact of unexplained wealth laws in Australia. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal
Justice no. 395
The Fellow prepared a resea rch proposal and undertook preliminary research on a proposal app roved by the Council at its Nov em ber 2010 meet ing, C lassifying domestic violence perpetrators: Identifying opportunities for inteNention and
prevention (CRC 50/10-11). In addition, the Fellow
presented a paper at the 4m Australian and New Zea land Critical Criminology Con ference on domestic violence issues, which was subsequently published in the refereed conference proceedings. The Fellow was also invited to present her research on confiscation schemes and unexplained wealth laws to delegations from the United States
Department of Justice and Indonesian justice representatives. Dr Bartels resigned from her position in June 2011 in order to take up a positi on at the University of Canberra. The Council extends its thanks to Dr Bartels for her work as CRC Fellow over the past four years.
Consultancies
For consultancies, the Council identif ies topics of policy importance for research and then develops proposals which are publicly advertised. These consultancies are designed to meet highly-specific objectives to which the Council has accorded priority. Such research, for example, could be designed to contribute to, or comp lement. the work of national initiatives by other organisations, or state and territory initiatives which have clear policy or best practice implications for ot her governments within Au stralia.
Fund ing grants The Guidelines For Grants, issued by the Council to applicants, includes the following criteria adopted by the Council in consideration of applications:
" public policy relevance
" the extent to which the proposed research will have practical application and contribute to the understanding, prevention or correction of criminal behaviour
" the likeli hood of the proposed research making a substantial and original con tribution to criminological l
" the cost-effectiveness of the research
o the soundness of the design and methodology
and the feasibility of the research
" the competence of the app licant or principal investigator to undertake the proposed research
" ethics committee approval, where appropriate
" availability of data, where required
" the extent of funding or in-kind support obtained from relevant agenc ies.
C rimino log y Resea rch Fun d In the 2010-11 Portfolio Budget Statemen t, the total
Australian Government approp riation for the CRC was $205,000. he app ropriation to the CRC w as to meet adm inistered costs for the single government outcome.
Criminology Researcl1 Co uncil 117
Contributions to the Crim inology Research Fund
by the participating governments for the 201 0--11
financial year totalled $205,000. Each state and
territory made contributions on a pro-rata population
basis as shown in the table below.
Selection panel A pane l compr ising two senior criminologists,
selected by the Council from recommendat ions
by the President of ANZSOC, considers applications
Australian Capital Territory
New South Wa les
Victoria
Queensland
Western Australia
South Australia
Tasmania
Northern Territory
for general grants. The panel this year consisted of
Professor Alan Borowsk i and Associate Professor
Dav id lndermaur. Panel members were required
to assess all applications for research funding submitted to the Council independently and
completed an assessment sheet for each application.
The ir assessments were discussed at a meeting
held w ith the Academ ic Adviser to the Council, Mr
Peter Hamel, who submitted final recommendati ons
to tl1e CRC for consideration at its N ovember meet ing.
$3,284
$66,549
$50,862
$41,392
$21,009
$15,120
$4,677
$2,107
The table below is a summary of CRC income and expenditure for 2010-11.
To1allncome
Value of new grants awarded
Grants expenditure
Con tractor and administration expenditure
118 Attnual repotl2010-11
$449,022
$380,761
$208,665
$104,183
Re port on petiormance
New projects for 201 0-11 CRC 20/1 0-11: Determining the impact of opioid substitution therapy upon mortality and recidivism among prisoners: A 22-year data linkage study
Professor Louisa Degenhardt, Dr Lucy Burns, Dr Donald Weatherburn, Associate Professor Tony Butler, Dr Amy Gibson, Dr Jo Kimber. Professor Richard Mattick, Associate Professor Christopher Doran, Dr Devon lndig, Or Tim Slade, Deborah Zador, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
University of New South Wales
Prisoners are a marginalised group placing considerable costs on society. They experience very high rates of drug dependence, health problems and premature mortality. Without intervention they are highly likely to come into further contact with the criminal justice system, creating further health risk.
This study will quan tify the impact of opioid substitution tllerapy (OST; methadone or buprenorphine) on two important outcomes for opioid dependent prisoners: mortality , particularly in the post-release period; and subsequent criminal activity . Us ing linked data, the study w ill have almost 600,000 person-years of follow-up over 22 years, allowing fine grained analyses of disadvantaged subpopufations. This evidence cannot be obtained witll accuracy from small studies or randomised controlled trials . Study results wm have clear implications for the health and welfare of this .Population, and will provide evidence of potential
health and crime reduction gains, and the cost
savings that might result.
CRC 38/10-11: Understanding criminal careers: Targeting individual and community based interventions to reduce Indigenous over-representation
Dr T!'oy Aflard, Ms April Chaanowski, Associate Professor Ann a Stewart, Griffith Unjversity
The project w ill adopt a criminal careers framework
and determine: (i) differences in the nature and cost
of offending trajector ies across the youth and adult justice systems based on Indigenous status and
gender; and (ii) whether the spatial distribution
of offender groups and the cost of these groups is a useful approach for targeting community crime
prevention interventions. The project involves
construction and analyses of a Queens land based
offender cohort. whicll includes all contacts that
individuals born in 1990 have had with police
cautioning, youth justice conferencing, youth court
and adult court to age 20. Trajectory model s will be
produced using tile Semi-Parametric Group -based
Method (SPGM). with separate models based on
Indigenous status and gender. It is anticipated that
Indigenous offenders will have different offending
pathways from non-Indigenous offenders, the
chronic Indigenous offender group will be more
costly than other groups and the spatial distribution
of offender groups will facilita te targeting of community -based interventions to particular
locations.
CRC 44/1 0-11: Reoffence risk in intrafamilial child sex offenders
Professor Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Professor
Stephen C Wong, Charles Sturt University
The Violence Risl~ Scale-Sexual Offender version
includes dynamic and static factors. It has the
potential to contribute significantly to recidivism risk
assessment by predicting sexual violence, identifying
treatment targets and evaluating treatment change.
This study tests the validity and reliability of the
VRS-SO, previously validated on incarcerated
Canadian extrafamilial sex offenders, in an Australian
sample of 214 intrafamilial sex offenders in a
community-based setting. Findings w ill have
implications for practice (use of the instrument
for this population), theory (increased knowledge
about sex offender typologies) and policy (viability
of legislated pre-trial diversion program for biological/ non -biological parents who commit child sex
offences).
Criminology Research Council 11 9
CRC 47/10-11: Hom icide and the night " time economy
Professor Stephen Tomsen, University of Western Syd ney, Mr Jason Payne, Australian Institut e of Criminology
Aus tralian national homicide monitoring is
comprehensive. Nevertheless, key aspects of this
crime are not fully understood, including the uneven
long-term decline between offences occurring within
distinct locations and social relations between
parties. This study compr ises a unique analysis of
homicide producing new quantitative and qualitative
information about the full prevalence, trends and
locations of kill ing related to aspects of the
expan ding night-time economy. It w ill advance
knowledge of the range of related public and private
or domestic offending to inform official strategies
with more specific knowledg e about levels of higher
risk and the possibilities of prevention in key social
settings and communities.
CRC 48/1 0-11: Community variations in hoax calls and suspicious fires: Geographic, temporal and socio-economic dimensions and trajectories
Dr Jonathan James Corcoran, Dr Michael Townsley, Dr Rebecca Leigh Wickes, Dr Tara Renae McGee, The University of Queensland
M alicious hoax calls for service (MHCs) and
suspicious fires (SFs) are a significant burden to the
community, financially and in the potential danger
they present. yet litt le is known about the dynamic
associated with their prevalence. This research will
comprehensively examine these offences using unit -level location data supplied by the Queensland
Fire & Resc ue Service. Th e aim of this research is to
identify the temporal and spatial patterning of MH Cs
and SFs. Ana lysis w ill use advanced me thods of
geographic visualisation and spatially based
tempo ral modelling. Unde rstanding the pattern of
these offences will provide the foundation for future
crime prevention activities.
120 Annual report 20 1 0 11
CRC 50/1 0-11: Classifying domestic violence perpetrators: Identifying opportunities for intervention and prevention
Mr Jason Payne , Mr Josh Sweeney. Ms Sarah MacGregor, Australian Institute of Criminology
This project seeks to identify a typology of domestic
violence perpetration by triangulating offic ially
recorded criminal history records, detailed case
management files and offender/victim interviews
for clients of the Tasmanian Safe at Home program.
Key research issues include to w l1at extent case
managemen t and interviews with perpetrators and
victims contribute to the development of domest ic
violence profiles and how such a typology can
be used to inform early intervention policies and
offender programs. The data gathered will help
to develop a mo re comp lete profile of domest ic
violence offending, as we ll as facilita ting an ana lysis
of concordan ce between mu ltiple data sources.
Continuing projects for 2010-11
CRC 11/09-10: Sentencing of Indigenous offenders in the lower courts: A study of three Australian jurisdictions
Dr Saman tha Jeffries, Dr Christine Bond, Queensland University of Technology
The CRC made a grant of $15,086 for this project.
CRC 38/09-10: Addressing the 'crime problem' of the Northern Territory Intervention: Alternate paths to regulating minor driving offences in rem ote communi ties
Dr Thalia Anthony, Dr Harry Blagg, University of Technology, Sydney
The CRC made a grant of $33,000 for this project.
CRC 24/07-08: Analysis of supervision skills of juvenile justice workers
Associate Professor Chris TroNer and Professor Gill Mcivor. Monash University
The CRC made a grant of $154, 1 05 for this project.
CRC 26/08-09: Developing successful diversionary schemes for youth from remote Aboriginal commun iti es
Dr l
The CRC made a grant of $186,208 for this project.
Reports of comp leted research CRC 04/06-07: Jury sentencing survey
Professor Kate Warner, Dr Julia Davis, Dr Maggie Walter, Dr Rebecca Bradfield, University of Tasmania
The CRC made a grant of $174,050 for this project.
The project aimed to improve the measurement of
public attitudes to sentencing matters and the level
of public know ledge of sen tencing and related
issues. A three -phase research design surveyed
jurors in trials with a guilty verdict immediately
following the verdict and again after the jurors were
provided with sentencing information. Survey results
were supplemented by follow-up in-depth interviews
with a reflective samp le of jurors. The results of the
research will allow policymakers to respond to
informed public opinion with the ultimate aim of
â‘improving confidence and confronting public
punitiveness.
CRC 42/08-09: 10 scanners in night-time economy: Social sorting or social order?
Or Darren Parmer, Dr Peter Miller and Dr ian Warren , Deakin University
The CRC made a grant of $56,452 for this project.
The project investigated the l ntro~uct ion of ID
.scanners in 'high-risk' entertainmen t venues in
Geelong (Victoria) as part of an attempt to enhance
communi ty safety. Recently the inner city area of
Geelong has been transformed into a significant
'night- time economy' . However, such developments
come with potential harms, such as Increases in
crime and anti-social behaviour. Networked 10
scanners are a unique innovation introduced to
address these issues. The project documented what
has been done, why, with what impact and potential
(or actual) harms existed to serve as a model for
future policy and program development.
CRC 02/09-1 0: Assessing the therapeutic climate of prisons
Associate Professor Andrew Day, Dr Sharon Casey,
Dr James Vess, Deakin University
The CRC made a grant of $45,554 for this project.
Correctional administrat ions across Australia have.
in recent years, dedicated considerable resources to
the development of offender rehabilitation programs.
While few controlled evaluations of Australian
correctional programs have been conducted, there
is a long history of anecdotal and ethnographic
observations relating to the nature of prison cultures
and their possible deleterious effects on rehabilitative
outcomes. This project aimed to investigate the
social climate of Australian prison units, validate
a brief scale (the EssenCES) for assessing prison
social climates, provide a comparison between
different types of units and develop recommendat ions
for improving the therapeutic context in which
rehabilitation programs are offered.
CRC 50/09-1 0: Amphetamine use among detainees at the Eas t Perth watch house: What is the impact on crime?
Mrs Natalie Gately. Dr Catherine McGregor, Ms Jenny Kessell, Professor Steve Allsop, Dr Anthony Gunnell, Or Celia Wilkinson, Edith Cowan University
The CRC made a grant of $55,521 . 7 5 for this project.
Existing data from the Western Australian arm of the
Drug Use Monitoring Australia (DUMA) project and
reported crime in Western Australia was analysed.
Firstly, amphetam ine use indicators from the DUMA
data between 1999 and 2009 and the types of crime
for which amp hetam ine users were being detained
were identified and significant relationships analysed.
Cnmrnolo y Research Council 121
Secondly, amphetamine use indicators were analysed in relationship to Western Australian reported crime statistics for the period 2002-08 to identify significant relationships between amphetamine use indicators and reported crime in Western Australia.
CRC 13/09-10: Child sexual abuse and subsequent offending and victimisation: A 45-year follow-up study
Professor James Ogloff. Emeritus Professor Paul
Mullen, Ms Margaret Cutajar, Monash University
The CRC made a grant of $43,652 for this project.
This study aimed to exam ine the relations hip between child sexual abuse (CSA) and subsequent criminal offending and victimisation, and to examine the mediating role of mental illness on apparent associations. Th is 45-year follow-up study involved the linkage of 2,759 CSA cases derived from records from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine to a Victorian Police database, identifying contacts for criminal and victimisation matters. The CSA cohort was compared with a control group matched on gender and age to determine whether victims of CSA were at an increased risk of offending and victimisation, which was hypothesised to be affirmative.
CRC 38/08-09: 'Sudanese refugees' experiences with the Queensland criminal justice system
Dr Garry Coventry, Dr Glenn Dawes, Dr Stephen Maston & Dr Darren Pa/me1 ; James Cook University
The CRC made a grant of $134,811 for this project.
This study consisted of an 18-month longitudinal study which focused on how Sudanese refugees interacted with the Queensland criminal justice system. The study was original because it employed a multi-metllodological approach in gaining the perceptions of Sudanese people who were either the victims or perpetrators crime. Other data sources included examination of key police databases, interviews with police and support agenc ies and a discourse analysis of media reportage about Sudanese integration in the state. Another potential significant outcome of the researcll related to the developm ent of a streamlined procedure for measuring race related crime.
122 Anm1al reporl201 0-11
CRC 19/07-08: Crime in neighbourhoods: Individuals and families in context
Dr Tara McGee, Dr Rebecca Wickes, Professor Jake Najman, Dr William Bar
The CRC made a grant of $57,361.52 for this project.
This project simultaneously examined individual, family and neighbourhood predictors of adolescent antisocial behaviour. Th is paper drew on the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and the Australian
Bureau of Statistics census data to examine the between neighbourhood variation in incidences of antisocial behaviour in adolescence while controll ed for a range of individual and familial factors. Analyses explored the dynamic relationship between individual and social factors and their relationsh ip to antisocial
behaviour across the statistical local areas located in the South-East Queensland region. Individual and maternal factors and family processes were more important than neighbourhood characterist ics. The small observed area effects may have had
pronounced impacts on outcomes and the present research suggests that disadvantage may exacerbate antisocial behaviour. However , these effects were secondary to other individual and familial factors.
CRC 1 0/08-09: Oral language competence and interpersonal violence: Exploring links in incarcerated young males
Dr Pamela Snow & Prof Martine Powell, Monash
University
The CRC made a grant of $76,196 for this project.
This project built on prior research conducted by the principal investigators , who showed that unidentified oral language deficits were present in over 50 percent
of a community sample of male youth offenders. Such deficits included difficulties using and unde rstanding everyday spoken language and may have been undetected or misinterpreted by the communication partner. In this study, the prevalence of such deficits was examined in an incarcerated sample (n=100), and links to violent offending (the most severe form of disrupted interpersonal behaviour) was examined. Findings informed both theory and practice in offender treatment programs, where verbally.med iated interventions are common.
Append ix 1
Australian Capital Territory Member: Ms Ka thy Leigh 27/11/09
Deputy: Mr Stephen Goggs 13/06/07
Australian Government Member : Mr lain Anderson 02/07/10
Deputy: Ms Sarah Chldgey 27/03/09
New South Wales Member: Mr Laurie Glanfield AM {Chair) 30/07/91
Deputy: Mr Brendan Thomas 08/11/07
Northern Territory Member: Mr Richard Coates 19/09/02
Deputy : Ms Marianne Conaty 15/06111
Queensland Member: Mr Terry Ryan 24/05/04
Deputy : vacant
South Aus tralia Member: vacan1 02/06/11
Deputy: vacant
Tasman ia Member: Mr Norman Reabum 09/10/00
Deputy: Mr Peter Maloney 08/08/00
Victoria Member: Ms Penny Armytage 19/06/03
Deputy : Dr Marron Frere 08/06/11
Western Australia Member: Ms Cheryl Gwilliam 14/03/08
Deputy : Mr Andrew Marshall 01/01/10
N otes Mr Russell Ca ldwell attended t11e June meeting as an observer for the Northern Territory, Ms Jenny Lang attended the June meeting as an observer forâ‘ Queensland, M s Mini Dharmas enan attended t11e June
meet ing as an observer for South Australia, and M s Ka thrina La attended the June meeting as an observer
for New South Wales.
There was a 94 percent attend ce rate by Australian Government, state and territory representatives this
financial year.
The meeting on 21 July 2010 was held at the Department of the Attorney-General in Perth. The meetings on
10 November 2010 and the final meeting of the Council on 30 June 2011 were ileld at tile AIC in Canberra.
At the meeting on 30 June 201 1, the Council acknow ledged tile significant contribution of Mr Laurie
Glanfield as Chair of the Council for 20 years. -.
Criminology Research Council 123
Append ix 2: Statutory reporting requirements
Freedom of information This statement is provided in accordance with
section 8 of the Freedom of Information Act 1982. It
refers to the structure of the CRC and the categories
of documents it holds, with information as to how
access can be made.
Categories of documents
o internal papers and records, including working
drafts, statistical records, copies of facsimiles,
interagency and general correspondence, and
policy documents and reports (including
recommendations and decisions)
o briefing papers and subm issions prepared for the
Attorney-General, ministerial correspondence and
replies to parliamentary questions
o scoping papers, records of consultations,
statistical data holdings and publications
o finance, establishment, personnel, recruitment,
staff development , office services and funded
research and consultancy files.
124 Anr1ual rep01l 2010-11
Freedom of Information requests during 2010-11
The Council received no requests for information
under the provisions of the Act during the year
ending 30 June 2011.
Requests can be made in writing to the General
Manager , Corporate Services, Australian Institute of
Criminology, GPO Box 2944, Canberra ACT 2601.
Ombudsman The re were no reviews undertaken by the
Ombudsman.
Advertising and market research The Council did not engage any vendors for
advertising or marf
Appendix 3â‘ reporting in Manda ory his report
Letter of transmit1al
Table of contents
Index
Contact officer
Internet address of agency and annual report
Review by Director
Agency overview
Agency role and functions
Organisational structure
Outcome and program structure
Review of performance in relation to programs and contribution to outcomes
Narrative discussion and analysis of performance
Trend information
2
v
147
iv
112-113
114
114-115
116
119
119
Developments since the end or tile linancial year that may affect future operations or results 112
Statemen t of main corporate governance arrangemen ts 116
Ce rtificatio n of compliance with Commonwea lth Fraud Control Guidelines
Significant deve lopme nts in external scrutiny
Judicial and admin istrative tribunal decisions
Reports by the Auditor-General, Parliamentary committees or the Ombudsman
Statemen t of new consullancy services contracts
Absence of provisions in contracts allowing access by the Audllor-General
Con tracts exemp t from
Financial stateme nts
Freedom of information
Advertising and market research
Grant programs
Correction of material errors in previous annual report
List ot requirements
Performance in relation to deliverables and KPis set out i n PBS/PA ES
Discussion and analysis of financial performance
124
117
128-146
124
124
117
125
47
57-59
Crimtnology Research Council 125
l---~-----=--- â‘-~ -----__::--~-= ~-----L-------~~~--~-
O FJeqiJkem~nt _ __ _ _
' " _ ~ge
Agency resource statement and resource table by outcome
Assessment of effectiveness in managing and developing human resources to meet objectives
Staffing statistics
Agreements and A WAs
Performance pay
Effectiveness of assets management
Assessment of purchasing against core policies and principles
Performance on implementation of Commonwealtll Disability Strategy
OH&S
Ecologically sustainable development and environmental pertormance
126 Annual rep01l 201 0-1 t
54
53
58
74
74
â‘ f-
Australian National
di Offi e
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
To the Minister for Home Affairs
I have audited the accompanying financial statements of the Ctiminology Research Council for the year ended 30 June 2011, which comprise: a Statement by the Australian Institute of Criminology Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer; the Statement of Comprehensive Income; Balance Sheet; Statement of Changes in Equity; Cash Flow
Statement; Schedule of Commitments; Schedule of Asset Additions; and Notes comp1ising a Summaty of Significant Accounting Policies and other explanatmy infonnation.
The Responsibility of the Director for the FinaiJcial Statements
The Director of the Australian fustitute of C1iminology is responsible for the preparation of the financial statements that give a tme and fair view in accordance with the Finance Minister's Orders made under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997, including the Australian Accounting Standards, and for such intemal control as the Director determines is necessary to enable the preparation of the fmancial statements that
are :fiâ‘ee from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or enâ‘or.
Auditor's Respousibility
My responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on my audit. I conducted my audit in accordance with the, Australian National Audit Office Auditing Standards, which incotporate the Australian Auditing Standards. These auditing standards require that I comply with relevant ethical requirements relating to audit engagements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are :fiâ‘ee from material misstatement.
An audit involves perfotming pmcedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosuJes in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgement, including the assessment of the dsks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor
considers intemal control relevant to the Criminology Research Council's preparation of the financial statements that give a hue and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Ctiminology Reseaxch Council's internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the approp1iateness of the accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the members, as well as evaluating the overall ]lresentation ofthe fmancial statements.
128 Annual report 20 I 0-11
GPO Box 707 CANBERRA ACT 2601 19 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 Phone (02) 6203 7300 Fax (02) 6203 7777
I believe that the audit evidence I have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for my audit opinion.
Independence
In conducting my audit, I have followed the independence requirements of the Australian National Audit Office, which inco1porate the requirements of the Australian accounting professio"n.
Opiuio11
In my opinion, the financial state1:nents of the Criminology Research Council:
(a) have been prepared in accordance with the Finance Minister's Orders made under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997, including the Australian Accounting Standards; and
(b) give a tme and fair view of the matters required by the Finance Minister's Orders including the Criminology Research Council's financial position as at 30 June 2011 and of its fmancial performance and cash flows for the year then ended.
Australian National Audit Office
Serena Buchanan Audit Principal
Delegate of the Auditor-General
Canbena 30 August 2011
CRC financial statements 129
STATEMENT BY THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE AND CHIEF .FLNANCIAL OFFICER
In our opinion, the attached financial statements for the year ended 30 June 20 II are based on properly maintained financial records and give a true and fair view of the matters required by the Finance Minister's Order made under the Commonwealth
Dr Adam Tom ison Director (Chief Executive) Australian Institute of Criminology
Date Y/$1/1
130 Anmml rcptlll2010-1 I
s;gnod " " " a ~--~----.-..
Tony Marks Chief Finance Officer Australian Institute of C riminology
Date: ~ j g( 11
STATEMENT O F COMPREHENSTVE INC O ME
for the period ended 30 June 2011
EXPENSES Suppliers Grants Total expenses
LESS: OWN-SOURCE lNC O ME
Own-source revenue Interest Other Total own-source income
Net cost of services
Revenue from Government
Surplus aUributabJe to the AustraHan Government
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INC OME
C hanges in asset revaluation reserves Total other comprehensive income
Totnl comprehensive incom e attributable to the Aus tralian Government
No tes
3A 3B
4A
4B
4C
T he above statement should be read in conjunction with the accom panying notes.
2011 2010
$ $
104,183 224,795
208,665 257,53 1
312 848 482,326
49,022 35,704
205,000 214,000
254,022 249,704
58,826 232,622
205,000 338,000
146,174 105,378
146,174 I 05,378
CRC financial statements 131
BALA 'CESJ-IEE as a/ 30 June 201 I
2011 20 10
Notes $ $
ASSETS Financial Assets Cash and cash equivalents 5A 87I,Ll8 734 007
Other tâ‘ eceivab1es 58 8,127 16,565
Total financial assets 879,245 750,572
Total assets 879,245 750,572
LJABILITIES Payab1cs Suppliers 6A 17,501
Total payables 17,501
Total liabilities 17,501
Net assets 879,245 733,071
EQUITY Contributed equity 36,018 36 018
Retained surplus 843,227 697,053
Total equity 879,245 733,071
The above statement should be read in conjunction w ith the accompanying notes.
132 /\nnual1epott 20 I 0 11
()
:0
()
STATEMENT Of CHANGES LN EQUITY
for â‘ rhe period endl!d 30 June 201 I
Opening balance Balance carried forward !Tom previous period Ad.iusted open in~ balance
Comprehcn â‘ive income S\,rplus lor tbe period Total comprehen ive income
Transactions with owners Equity injection s Sub--total trans:lction- with owners Closing balance attributable to the Australian Government*
TI1c above statement hou1d be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
Retained c~1rnings
2011 2010
$ $
697,053 591.675
697.053 591 .675
14(i,J74 105.37
146,174 105.378
843,227 697,053
Contributed
Total Equity
equity/capital
2011 2010 2011 2010
$ $ $ $
36,018 36.018 733,071 627.693
36.018 36.018 733,071 627.693
14(i,J74 I 05,378
146.174 105.378
36.018 36.018 879.245 733.071
CASH FLOW STATEMENT for the period ended 30 June 20 II
2011 2010
Notes $ $
OPERATING ACTlVlTlES Cash received Receipts from Government 205,000 338,000
Interest 55,297 30,414
Net G T received 33,897 41 ,781
Other 205 000 216,825
Total cash received 499,194 627,020
Cash used Suppliers 132,550 227,637
Grants 229,533 283,284
Total cash used 362,083 510,921
Net cash from operating acth,itie s 7 137,111 11 6,099
Net increase in cash held 137,111 116,099
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period 734,007 617,908
Casl1 and casb equivalents at the end of the reporting period 5A 871,118 734,007
The above statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
134 .. A.nnual1epotl 2010-11
SCHEDULE OF COiVLlVIlTME TS as at 30 June 20 II
BY TYPE
Commitments Receivable GST recoverable on commitments Total Commitments Recei1 " able
Commitments Payable Other commitments Grant Commitments Research Consul tancies
Total other commitments 'ct commitment by type
BYMATURJTY
Commitments receivable One year or less From one to live years Over five years Total commilme111s recei1 "able
Commitments payable Other commitments One year or less From one to five years Over five ye11rs Total other commitme111s
'ct Commitments by Maturity NB: Commitm ents are GST inclusive where relevant.
2011 $
30,594 30,594
340,496
340,496 309,902
30,594
30,594
340,496
340,496 309,902
2010 $
41 ,182
41 ,182
453 002
453,002 41 1,820
29,658 I 1,524
41,182
326 241 126 ,761
453,002 41 1,820
As at30 June 201 .1 other commitments comp rise amounts payable under grant agreements in respect of which the recipient is yel to eitber perform the services required or meet eligibility conditions .
The above schedule should be read in conjunction with lhe accompanying notes.
CRC hnanctal statement" 135
Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies â‘
I. I bjcetivc of th l'iminolog 'Rc carcJ1 Council
ll te rim in I " y Rc carch ouncil (CR ) is an Au tralian Govenunent controlled entity. The CR i an integral part of n tate territory and Australian Government collabo
The RC i slructurcd to meel one outcome :
nlcom e I: ri111in lo gic:~ Ire earch by funding projecls relevant to the public p licy of both Au tralian and Stale and Territory Government .
The R willn 1 continue as a reponable entity from I July 201 1 du to lcgi â‘ lalion change made lhrough lhe Nn nncial Fmm work Legi Inti on Amendment Act 2010 (the Ame ndm ent Act). Furl her dcwils on the impn I of the c changes arc outlined at Note 2: Events aller the reportin g period.
1.2 Oasi. of Pr " pnrfltion of the Financial Statements
The financial statements arc general purpose financial statem nts and are required by clau c I (b) ofS hedule I t lh Co mm onwealth Authoriti es ami Co mpanies Act I 997 .
The financial statement have been prepared in accordance' ith:
a) Finance Mini ter's rdcrs (FM s) for reporting periods ending on r aftcrl July 2010; and
b) A ustml ian Accou nting Stllndards and Interpretation is ucd by the Au tralian Ace umin tandards Board (A B) that apply r. r the reporting period.
lc financial tatcment ha c been prepared on an accmal basis and in nccordancc with the hi torical co 1 convention, e. cept for certain asset and liabili ties at fair value. Except where tatcd. no all wance is made f1 r th eiTecl of chan ing prices n th results or the financial position.
1e financial tntcmcnt are presented in Au lralian dollar and values arc rounded to the neare 1 dollar
unless otherwise sp cified.
Unlc on alternative lre:um cnt i specifically required by an accounting standard or the FM . as ets and liabilili arc recogni eel in the balance sheel when and only when it is prob, blc I hat futur eonomic bcnclits
will llow to th entity or n fulure sacrifi ce of economic benefits will be required and the m ounls fthe as cts or liabilit ies can be reliably mea sured. However, assets and liabilitie arising under executory contracts are not rccogni eel unlcs required by an accounting slandard. Liabilities and a sets that nrc tmrctognised are reported in the schedule of c mmitments or the schedule of contingencies.
Unless alternative treatment is specifically required by an accounting standard, income and expense are rccogni ed in th Statement of omprchensive Income when and only when the now , consumption or loss of econ mic benefit hos occurred and can be reliably m easured.
J. ignincnnt Accounting Judgeme nts and Estimate
No a~ou nt ing a snmption r estimates have been identified that hnvc a significant ri k ol' au ing a ma teri I adju tmenliO carrying amounts of asset and liabili ties within the next nee unting period.
1.4 1 cw u lrollnn Accou nting tnodards
A doption o( e111 ll .flrttfiau A ccountiug Stondartl Requirement.
No accourlling tandard has been adoplcd earlier than the application date a tat d in the tandard. Other new tandards. mcndment to tandards and interpretations that ' ere is ucd prior l.o Ute sign-oiT date and ar applicable 1 the current reporti ng period did not have a fin, ncial imp act, and are not e;'pe led to have a fulllrc financial impact on the CRC .
Futnre Auslralltm A " otmting SJumlartl Requirements OLh cr 11 w stnndards, am endm ents to standards and interpretations lhai wcrâ‘ issued prior to the ign-ofT date
and arc applicflble lo Lhe future reportin g period are not expected to have a fulme financial impor1 on the R.
136 Annual r " port 2010 11
J.S Revenue
R venue from the sale f goods i rec gnised whe n: a) the risk and rewards ofownctâ‘hill have been transferred t the buyer; b) the entity retains no m anagerial involvem ent or effective control over the goods; c) tl1e revenue ~nd transaction costs inc\ll'r ed cm 1 be reliably m 1\SL.lrcd; and
d) it is probable that the eco " 10m ic benefits as ociated w ith the tran action w ill now to the C R
Revenue from rendering of scr icc is recognised by reference 10 the tage or comp letion of contracts ot the reporting date. Th e revenue i recognised when: a the amount of revenue, tagc fcomplction and tran action cot incurred can be reliably
measured; and
b) the probable economic b nclil ass ciated with the Iran ncti n will llow to the C R .
The stnge of com pletion of c ntracts :Ill he reporting date i detcrrniiJccl by reference to the services performed to date as a percentage of Lolli I services to be performed.
Receivables for goods and services w hich have 30 day term s, u1â‘c recognised at the nominal am omll due Jess ~ n y impnirmcnt allowance account. Co l!cctability of debts is reviewed at end of the erporti ng period.
Allowances arc ma de wh en collcctab ility l"lhe debt i no longer 1>robnble.
Interest revenue is recogni â‘ed u ing the effective interest m ethod as ct ut in AASB 139 Fincmcial lnstrwuenls: Recognition and Mea:,urement.
R cveuue (rom Gol'ernm e/11
'llllding received or receivable from Attomey-Gcneral's De partment ap1>ropriated to them a a Ac t body payment item for payment to tl1c RC) is recognised as Revenue from Gove rnme nt unless they arc in tile nature ofm1 equity injection or loan.
1.6 LC flSCS
Opcmt ing lease paym ents nre expensed on a straight-line basis whi h is representati ve of t he pallcrn of benefits derived from the leased 11 sets.
1.7 a h
Cash i recognised at its nom inal am unL Cash and cash equivalent includes: n) cash n hand; and b) demand depo it in bank ace lmls w ith an original ma turity of3 m nths or l ess that are readily convertible to known amount ol'cas h and subject t o in ignilicant ri k of changes in value.
1.8 Finnncial Assets
The R classifies its financial a cts a 'loans and receivnblc ' .
Financi, I assets are recognised and dcrccogniserl up n trade date.
E/Tectil'e llllerest lvlethod
The effective interest meth d i a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial a ct and of allocating interes t income ver the r levant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly di counts estimated future cash receipt through the expected life fthc financial asset, or, w here Ol>propriate, a shorter period.
Incom e is recognised on an effective interest rate basis except J'or financial asset that are recognised at fair
nlue through profit or loss.
Low1s mtd Receivables Trnde receivables loans and ther receivables that have fixed or determinable paym ents that arc not quoted in an active market are cl ificd as 'loans and reccivnblc '. ans and receivables are measured at amortis~:d cost using the ciTectivc interc 1 me thod less impainnent. Inter t i recognised by applying
the effecti e interest rate.
CRC linanc1f.ll statements 137
lm/Jafrmel!f o[Financial Assels Financial a sets are a scsscd for impaim1ent at the end of each reporting period. Fiutmcial as ets h lei til amortised cost -if there is objective c idcnce that an impaim 1cntlo ha been incurred for l oan and rccci ablcs or held to maturity in estmcnts held at nmorti cd cost, the
amoun t of the I . is measured ns the differe nce between the asset' nrrying nmoun t and the present value of estimated fumr cash flO\~ discounted at the asset's original c ecti e interest rate. TI1e can-ying amou nt i redu d by way of an allowance account. The loss i rccogni cd in the Statement of omprchcn ive Income.
1.9 Financinl iabiliCie .
Financial liabilities ar cia sill ed as 'other linaneiall iabilitics'.
Financialliabiliti e .-.rc recognised and derecognised upon 'tra de date .
Other Financial L.iabilili es Other financialliabi liti , including borrowings, arc initi ally mea ured at lilir value, net ftr ansacti on costs. Th ese liabilities nrc. ubsequcutly measured at amoni ed cost using th effective interest method, with interest cxpcns recognised on an effective yield ba i .
The effective interest method is a method of calculatiug the amortised co 1 ot'n financia llinbility and of allocat ing interest cxpen e over the relevant pedod. The effective interest rate i the rnle lit at exactly discounts c timatcd ruturc en. h payments through the expected life oft he llllattciallinb ility, or, where appropriate, a shorter period.
upplier and other payable arc recognised at amorli cd co I. Liabilitie.o;; are recogni o t th extent that the good r et ices have been received and irrespect ive of having been invoiced).
1.10 ontingenl iabililic nnd onlingent Asset
ontingent liabilitie and c ntingent asset are not recognised in the bnlancc heel but arc reported in the relevant chcdul and note . They may arise from uncettainty a to thee istcncc of a liability r asset or reprc em an a et or liabilit in rc peel of which the amoum cannot be reliably measured. ontingClll a set :ml di â‘ closed when settlement i probable but not virtually certain and cont.ingcnl liabilitic are disclosed when sclllemenl is greater than remote.
1.11 Ta ntion
The R is exempt from all fom 1s of taxation except Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT) and lh ood and ervices Tax G T).
Rev nues, expense and a. sets arc recognised net of GST except:
a) where the amount ofGST incurred is not recoverable from the Au stm lian Tnxalion fficc; and
b) r. r receivables and payablcs.
Ll2 ompnr. liv Figure
ompam tive figure have been adjusted to confom1 to changes in pre entation in the â‘e lina n ei<~l tatemcnls ' here required.
Note 2: Events After the Reporting Period .
On 17 eccmbcr 20 l 0 the Financial Framework Legislation Amenlment Act 2010 (th Amendmen t Act) received royal a cnl. Til Ac t pro ides for amendments to the CR 's enabling legi lation, th riminology R ear h tl 1 I 971 ( R Act), which includes the merging of the RC with the Austrnlinn In titutc of riminolog (In titutc) with ciTe t of I July 20 I I.
nu:: Institute will be r pon iblc or the delivery of the existing CRC outc me and program.
TI1ese event don 1 impact on the values reported in the financial statement r the period to 30 June 20 II.
138 Annunl r port 20 I 0 11
~~oJe 3: Expenses â‘ â‘
2011 $
Note 3A: Supplien Renderillg of services- relat d entities 89,265
Rendering of services- external parties 14,918
Total supplier expenses 104,183
Note 3B: Grants
Private sector:
Non-profit organisations 208,665
Total grants 208,665
Note 4: Income , ,
OWN-SOURCE REVENUE
Note 4A: lntetâ‘est De posits Toâ‘ tal interest â‘
Note 4B: Other Revenue
Contributions from State and Territory Governments Total other tâ‘evenue
REVENUE FROM GOVER i~MENT
Note 4C: Revenue from Government
Attorney-General's Department: CAC Act body payment item
Total revenue from Government
The CRC received nil (20 l 0: $N il) under the Paid Parental Leave Scheme
2011 $
49,022
49,022
205,000 205,000
205,000 205,000
2010 $
186,167 38,628 224 795
257 531 257,531
20l0 $
35 704
35,704
214,000 214,000
338,000 338,000
, , I
Note 5: Financ~al Assets . . â‘ . '
N ote SA: Cash and cash cguivalemts Cash on iland or on deposit
Shot1term deposits Total cash and cash ec1uivalents
2010 $
871,118
871,118
2009 $
9749 724,258
734,007
CRC financial statements 139
Note 5B: Other " â‘eceivable s
GST receivable from the Australian Taxalion Office
Interest receivable Total trade and other receivables (net)
Receivables are aged as follows: Not overdue Overdue by: Less than 30 days
30 to 60 days 61 to 90 days
More than 90 days Total receivabl es (gross)
No receivables are im paired.
2011
7 355
772
8,127
8,127
8,127
Total trade and other receivables are expected to be recovered in no more than 12 months.
Note 6: Payables â‘
Note 6A: Suppliers Trade creditors and accmals Total supplier payables
Suppliers payable expected to be settled within 12 months: Related entitie s External parties Total SUJ>plicrs payablcs
Settlement was usually m ade within 30 days.
2011 $
2010 $
9,518 7,047
16,565
16,565
16,565
2010 $
17 501
17,501
17 501
17,501
â‘~ote 7: Cash Flow Reconciliation _ â‘ .â‘ â‘ â‘ â‘
R econcili ation of cash and cash equivalents as per Balance Sheet to Cash Flow Statement
Cash and cash equivalents as per: Cash Oow statement Balance sheet Difference
Reconciliation of net cost of services to net cash from operati ng acti vities: Nel cost of services Ad d revenue from Govemment
C hnnges in assets /liabilit ies (lncrease) I decrease in net receivables Increase I (decrease) in supplier payables
Net CllSh from (use( } by) opernting activiti es
140 /\nnuâ‘11 report 2U IU I I
2011 $
871,118 871,118
(58,826) 205,000
8,438 (17,501) 137 111
2010 $
734,007 734,007
(232,622) 338 000
(6,780) 17,501 l16,099
!Note 8: .Contingent Liabilities and Assets â‘ â‘ . " I -
There were no contingencies at 30 June 20 II or 30 June 20 I 0.
There were no unquantiliable contingencies 11130 June 2011 or 30 June 2010.
Note 9: Directors' Remuneration
CRC consists of nine members appointed under section 35 of the Cri111inology Research Act 1971 . One member i appointed by the Australian Government to represent the Commonwea lth and eight members are appointed by their respective States and Territories .
201J No.
2010 No .
The number of non-directors of the CRC included in these figures :1re shown below in the relevant remuneration bands:
less than . 150,000 Total
JO 10
o remuneration was paid to any director of the CRC during the reporting period (20 I 0: SNi I)
Note 10: Related Party Disclosures â‘
The member s oft he CRC during the year were: Mr Laurie Glanfield AM (Chair), Director-General , Departmeut of Attorney General & Justice , New Sm1Lh Wales Ms Elizabeth Kelly, First Assistant Secretary , Attomey-General's Department, Criminal Justice Division Co mmonwealth Mr lain Anderson, First Assistaut Secretary, riminal Justice Division Attorney-General's Department, 'ommonwealth Ms Penny Armytage, Secretary, Department of.lu tice, Victoria
Ms Ingrid r-laylhorpe Executive Director, Policy Planning & Legislation Division, Attorney General's Depa rtment, South Australia
Ms Che ryl Gwilliam, Director-General, Department of the Attorney General, Western Austn1lia M r Richard Coates, Director, Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions , Department of Justice , Northem Territo ry
MrTerry Ryan, Acting Deputy Direclor-General, Justice Services, Department of Justice and Attorney General, Queensland Mr Norman Rea burn, Director , Legal Aid Commission of Tasmania, Tasmania
Ms Kathy Leigh, Director-General , Justic e and Community Safety Directorate, Austra.li11n Capital Territory
(to 30/06/11)
(to 02/07/1 0)
(from 02/07110 to 30/06/Il)
(to 30/06/11) (to 02/06/11)
(to 30/06/11)
(to 30/06/11)
(to 30/06/IJ)
(to 30/06/11)
(to 30/06/IJ)
9
9
CRC financial statements 141
Note 10: Related l'arty Disclosures cont.
Funding of 205,000 wa received from states and territories r pre entcd by th Fo lio' ing ar Lhc amounts received: 0 partment of Atrorney-General & Justice, ew South Wales
D partment of Ju tice Victoria 0 partment of Ju tice and Attomey-General Queensland
Department of Attorney-General We tem Australian Attorney- eneral's 0 parlmcn, South Australia
Legal Aid ommi i n ofTasm ania Department of Justice and Com m un ity afety Australian apital crritory Department of Ju tiee, Northern Territ ory
J7unding of$205 000 wa s received from the Commonw ealth.
members ab e.
66 549 50 862 41,392 21 009
L5, 120 4,677
$ 3 284
$ 2,107
paid $89 265 to the Aus tr11lian Institute of Criminology (Al ) for the services of a res atâ‘ch fellow. provided in-kind support for editing 11nd publishing, website de ign managcm nt and hosting erviccs and ccr lariat and financial services. The AIC is governed by a Board of Management that has four membe rs n minatcd by from the RC's own Board of M anagement representative.
The aggregate renmn ration of Directors is disclosed in Note 9.
Note ll: Executive Remuneration â‘
There we re no xecutive officer employed by the CRC.
Note 12: Remuneration of Auditors
Financial tateme111 audit services we re provided to the CR by the
Auditor encral.
The fair valttc of the services provided was: Tolnl
No other services w re provided by the auditors of the financial statement .
142 A1 111 I report 2010-11
2011
$
12,750 12 750
2010 $
12 750 12,750
Note 13: Financial Instruments
ategol'ies of li'innnciallnstruments Financial A sets onn nnd receivables a h and cash equivalents
lnlere t receivable arrying amount of financial a el
" immcial Liabilities Other tinancial liabilitie T1â‘acle creditors
arrying Hmount of finandalliAIJilili es
Note 1 8: Net income and cxpcn:c from financial as el
Loan and receivables Interest revenue (see note 4 ) t gain loans and receivables
N t gain from financial as ct
Note 13 : et income and expense from financial liabilities
The R does not have any income or expen es from financial liabili ties.
2011 $
871 118 772
871,890
49 022 49 022
49,022
2010
7 4 007
7 047
741,054
17,501 17,501
35,704
35,704
35,704
he carrying amount of all financial I and liabilities is a reasonable approximation of fair value.
R fumncial slaternenls 143
Note l3E: Credit Risk
The CRC is exposed to minimal credit risk as the majority of lonns and receivables are cash or amounts owed by the A ustmlinn Tn.x Office in the form of a Goods and Services Tax reftmd. The maximum exposure to credit risk is the risk that arises from potential default of n debtor. This amo unt is equal to the total amount of trade receivables (20 1 I: $N il and 20 I 0: $Nil).
The CRC manages its credit risk by entering imo contracts with parties and by having progressive milestone payments. In additio11, the CRC has policies and procedures Ina\ guide employees in debt recovery techniques that are to be applied.
The CRC hns no significmu exposures to any concem rations of credit risk.
The CRC holds no collateral to mitigate against credit risk.
Credit risk of financial instruments nOI[>nsl due or individually determined as impairedâ‘
Not Past No t Past D ue
Due N o1â‘ Nor Impaired
Impaired
2011 2010
c~s l! at bank 871,118 734,007
Interest Receivable 772 7,047
Total 871,890 74 1,054
(fi . I t I b t t. Agem~ o â‘ mauc1a assets t u1t are pas cue u no 1mpmr c d ~ 2011 or 0 to 30 31 to 60
days days
$'000 $'000
Trade Receivables - -
Total - -
Age ing of financial assets that are pnst due lmt not impaired for 2010 0 to 30 31 to 60
days days
$'000 $'000
Receivables for Goods and Services - -
Total - -
ote IJF: Liquidity risk
Pnsl' due but Past due but not impnircd nol impaired
201) 20 10
- -
- -
- -
61 to 90 90+
days days
$'000 $'000
- -
- -
61 to 90 90+
days days
$'000 $'000
- -
- -
The CRC's financial liabil ities are payabLcs only. The exposure to liquidity risk is based on the notion that the CRC wi ll encounter difficulty in m eeting its obligat ions associated with financial liabilitie.s. T his is highly unlikely due to appropriation funding and intemal policies and procedmes put in place to ensure there are appropriate rcsomccs to m eet its financial obligations.
The CRC is appropriated funding fiâ‘om tile Australian Gove rnm ent, with some funding being from State and Territory Gove rnment contrib utions. T he C RC m anages its budgeted funds to ensure it has adequale funds to m eet paym ents as they f.1ll due. In addition, the CRC has policies in place to ensure payments arc made whe n due and has 110 pas! experience of def.1.ult.
A ll financial liabilit ies me current.
144 Annual reporl2010-ll
Total $'000 --
Total $'000 --
Note l3G: Mar ket ri k
The CR holds basic financia l instruments thaL do note pose it to certain market risks. The CRC is not exposed to 'currency risk' or 'other price risk'.
Interest Rote Risk Interest rate risk refers to the risk lhal the fair value of future cash flows of a financia l instnunent will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The CRC is exposed to interest rate risk primarily from 'loans and receivables'.
The following table is a sensitivity analy is of the risk thatt â‘ he CRC entity is exposed to:
Sensitivi ty analysis for financial year ended 30 June 20 II Risk variable Change in Effect on
risk variable Profit and loss Equity
201 1 2011
Interest rate risk Interest 1.75% IS 245 15,245
Sensitivity analysis for financia l year ended 30 June 2010 Risk variable Change in Effect on
risk variable Profit and loss Equity
2010 2010
Interest rate risk Intere st 1.50% 11,010 11,010
Note 14: Com ensation and Debt, Relief ..
No payments were made for compensation or debt relief during20 I 0-11 (2009-1 0 no payments made).
Note 15: Reporti,-.g of Outcomes â‘
Note I SA : 1 et Cost of O utcome Delivery
Outcome I Total
20Ll 2010 2011 2010
$ $ $ $
Expenses 312,848 482,326 312,848 482,326
Income from non-govenJJnent sector
Provision of services - - - -
Total - - - -
Other ow n-source income
Interest 49,022 35,704 49,022 35,704
O ther 205,000 214,000 205,000 214,000
Total other external income 254,022 249,704 254,022 249,704
Net cost/( contribution) of outcome delive1â‘ y 58,826 232,622 58,826 232,622
Outcome I is described in Note l.l. Net costs shown include intra-government costs that are eliminated in calculating the actual Budget Outcome.
CRC 'financial statements 145
Note lSB: Mn jor
Outcome I Total
Outcom e I 2011 2010 201 J 2010
$ $ $ $
Expenses
Suppliers 104,183 224,795 '104,183 224,795
Grants 208,665 257 53 1 208,665 257,531
Total 312,848 482 326 312,848 482,326
Income:
Re venue from Governm ent 205,000 338,000 205,000 338 000
Interest 49,022 35,704 49,022 35,704
Other revenue 205,000 214,000 205,000 214,000
Total 459,022 587,704 459,022 587,704
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents 871,118 734,007 87l,LI8 734,007
Trade and other receivables 8,127 16,565 8,127 16,565
To tal 879,245 750,572 879,245 750,572
Liabiliti es:
Suppliers - 17,501 - 17,501
Total - 17,501 - 17,501
Outcome I is d scribed in ote 1.1. Net costs shown include intra-government c ts that are eliminated in calculat ing the actual Bud ~et Outcome.
'146 Anmwl1 epo1 t 201 0-I
ndex
a
ACT police 23, 24
address 44, 46, 69
advertising 75, 79, 115, 124, 125
agency agreement 16, 52
agency overview iii, iv, 11, 114, 125
alcohol and crime 30, 31
alcohol and violence 42
alternative remittance systems 13, 20,
Anti Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing 14
armed robbery 4, 29, 61 -62, 72, 68
Attorney-General's Department 7, 13,31, 46,52,57,59, 63,66, 74,
Audit Committee 16, 50
Australia Day Achievement Award Medallions 56
Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology 57, 67-68
Australian Business Assessment of Computer User Security 21
Australian Consumer Fraud Taskforce 21
Au stralasian Consumer Fraud Taskforce Online Survey 21-22
Australian Crime and Violence Prevention Awards 7, 12, 24,38
Australian Crime Commission 5, 7-8, 18, 46, 34,69
. Australian crime: Facts and figures 32
Australian Federal Police 8, 15, 34, 46,
Australian Juvenile Justice Administrators 27 ,
Australian Research Council 13
b
Bimberi Review 25
Board of Management iii, 4, 9, 12, 50-51
Brief 32, 63-64
bushfire arson 31, 64
c
cannabis 23-24, 31 , 35, 64-65
child abuse 15, 35, 36-37, 46, 69
CINCH database 42, 44
cloud computing 21, 61, 64
committees 13, 50-51, 125
Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act vii, 9, 12, 50, 52, 74,
Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines 6, 16, 22, 53
Communications 8, 12, 14-16, 20, 41 ,51,55
Information services 16,
community safety 6, 24-26, 62-64, 68, 70, 72
computer security threats 20-21
conferences 6, 8, 32-34-35
consultants iii, 58
consumer fraud 6.20-21, 62, 68, 70
contact details iv
corporate governance 77, 51
corporate services 7-8, 16
courts 15, 25
crime prevention iii, 4, 6, 9, 13, 15, 18, 24, 41'
C rime Stoppers 7. 16
Criminology Research Act 4, 9, 12, 52-53
Criminology Research Advisory Council 4-5, 9, 12, 16, 52,
Criminology Resear ch Council iii-iv, 9, 12,29,39,50,52,111 -11 5
Criminology Research Grants 9, 12, 113
cyber-safety 13-14,20-21,46,72
cybercrime 14, 21, 33, 38 , 42, 65,67
d
deaths in custody 4, 6, 25, 46, 63, 73
Depariment of Fa m ilies, Housing , Community Services and Indigenous Affairs 25, 27. 64
Dep artment of Fo reign Affairs and Trade 27
Department of Immigration and C itizenst1ip 28
domestic violence 27, 29, 62
Drugs 6, 8, 18, 20, 23-24, 27, 29-31, 39, 42, 46,
Drugs Online 41
drugs survey 30
Drug use monitoring in Aus tralia 29-30,36,38,46,67-68,70
e
ecologically-sustainable development 75-76
employment framework 53
Ethics Committee 51, 117
f
Fac ts and Figures Online data tool 40
Financial Man ageme nt and Accountability Act 9, 12, 52
financial services 16
financial statements 79, 81, 127
firearms 4, 7, 15, 31 , 36
fraud 5, 6-7, 18, 20-22, 36, 46, 53, 67-71
freedo m of info rmation iv, 75, 80, 124
g
Geospatial Analysis 7 1 5
Grants iii, 9,12,14-16, 46, 51,57-58,
h
Homicide 15, 25, 27-29, 36, 63, 112
human resources 15, 53
human trafficking 6-7, 24 -25, 64
illic it drugs 6, 29, 46,
Indigenous 4, 6-7. 14-15, 23, 25-28, 3Q-31,36,38,42-46,56-57, 62-70
Index 147
Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse 7, 44
information and communication technology 16, 52
internal structural review 14
internship program 55
J
Joint Select Committee on Cyber " Safety 13-14, 20-21,46,72
juvenile justice vii, 25-26, 27, 36, 37, 38,41,42, 70, 71, 73,121 juvenile recidivism 27, 63, 64, 68
juveniles in detention 4, 7, 27, 28, 63
JV Barry Ubrary 16, 42, 44 , 114
k
key performance indicators 27, 45, 47
knife crime 36, 62, 63, 117
labour trafficking 6, 15, 19-20, 21 , 36, 63, 67
law enforcement vii, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16,23, 24,29,30,31,34,36, 42,43,50,57,62,67, 70
learning and development 55
legislation iii, 12, 50, 52, 59, 70, 76, 91, 95, 103, 116,136, 138, 141
letter of transmittal 77, 125
m
Med ia 6-8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 29,30,32,33,36,41-43, 45, 47, 55, 58,59, 74,122
Minister 5-8, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 22, 35,36,38,47, 51 , 74, 75,91,136
Ministerial Council for Police and Emergency Management 15,23,38
money laundering 5-6, 14, 18, 20, 33, 46,57
monitoring reports 32, 46-47, 63, 76
n
National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre 65-66
National Crime Prevention Framework 6, 15,23,46,68
National Deaths in Custody Program 25,63
National Drug Law Enforcement Fund 12,50 National Homicide Monitoring Program 27, 27 , 63
14 8 Index
national monitoring programs 15
National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children 25,27
National Research Priorities 13, 47, 144
Northern Territory Community Safety Planning 64, 73
Northern Territory Emergency Response 27
Objectives 18, 77, 78, 114 , 117, 126, 136
occasional seminars 33, 70
occupational health and safety iii, 74, 78
Ombudsman 74, 78
Operation Unite 30
organisational structure iii, 14, 76, 125
organised crime iii, 5, 7-9, 15, 18, 21, 23,33, 34,42,66-69
outcome and program objective 12, 18
overseas student victimisation 15
p
parliamentary committees 13, 125
peer review 6, 8, 16, 21, 32, 33, 46, 47
people trafficking 18-21, 33, 34 , 37, 45,61,67
performance development scheme 16,55
performance review iii, 55
police custody 25, 26, 28, 72
public inquiries 33
publications iii, iv .. 5-8, 13, 16, 18, 23, 24,28,30-32,38,39,43-45 ,47, 56,57,59.61-64, 74, 75,124
purchasing 58, 78, 126
r
recidivism 27, 42, 62, 63, 67, 119
Research and Public Policy 16, 20, 32, 33,36. 62, 75,112,114,115,117
Research in Practice 23, 24, 30-32, 63,117
research priorities 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 47, 113 , 114, 116
research teams iii ,
risk management 16, 38, 51 , 52, 53, 77 roundtables iii, 32, 33, 47, 72
8
Scamwatch 21 , 41
Scarlet Alliance 19, 35
secretarial services 7, 16, 57, 89
seminars iii, 32, 33, 55, 70
senior executive 51 , 54, 69, 77, 102 , 103, 104
sex trafficking 1 9
sex worker survey 1 9
social media 16, 32, 41, 47
solo police patrols 23,
staff communication 56,
staff presentations 55, 66
staffing summary 53, 54
stakeholders iii, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18,25,32,33,38,39, 42 ,43, 44,47,69, 72,116 strategic research priorities 9, 12, 113
submissions 19, 21, 25, 32, 33, 46, 71 , 74 , 124
t
Technical and Backg round papers 32, 62, 75
Trafficking in persons 5, 14,15, 18, 19, 42,46,66, 67,72
Trafficking in persons monitoring report 19
Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice see Trends & Issues paper21 ,24,33,47, 75,112
u
United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime 23
v
victims of violence 24, 27
Victorian Parliamentary Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee 13, 27 ,31
Violence 4, 7, 12, 15, 18, 24, 25, 27, 28,29,35,36, 37,38,39,42,46, 61 ,64
w
websiteii, 6, 7, 16,21 -23,33,38-44, 57,59
wo rkforce planning 53
workplace support 55
y
year in review 3, 112
Australian lns1itute of Criminology
GPO Box 2944
Canbe rra ACT 2601 Aus tralia Tel: +61 2 6260 9200
Fax: +61 2 6260 9201 Ema il: front.desk@aic.gov.au
Austral1f1's nalrot 1al researcl1 anc1 l
www.aic.gov.au
